نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر

نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر

آسیب‌شناسی قراردادهای کار در حوزه ساختمان بر اساس قانون کار با رویکرد مدیریت ریسک پروژه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه شهاب دانش، قم، ایران.
چکیده
عدم انطباق مفاد قراردادهای کار ساختمانی با الزامات آمره قانون کار، یکی از ریشه‌های بنیادین دعاوی حقوقی، ریسک‌های مالی و تأخیرات اجرایی در پروژه‌های عمرانی بخش خصوصی است. اغلب این قراردادها به دلیل تنظیم غیرحرفه‌ای و نادیده گرفتن حقوق بنیادین نیروی کار، بستری برای بروز اختلافات و شکست پروژه فراهم می‌کنند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف آسیب‌شناسی حقوقی، شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی این مغایرت‌ها جهت ارتقای نظام مدیریت ریسک در پروژه‌های ساختمانی انجام شده است. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی است که طی آن، با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی، مفاد ۴۰ فقره قرارداد واقعی منعقد شده در کارگاه‌های ساختمانی با ۳۳ ماده مرتبط از قانون کار جمهوری اسلامی ایران تطبیق داده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش منجر به شناسایی ۱۱ مورد مغایرت اساسی و پرتکرار گردید. نتایج کمی نشان می‌دهد که مغایرت‌های مرتبط با «حقوق و دستمزد»، «بیمه تأمین اجتماعی» و «مزایای پایان کار» با اختصاص ۶۰ درصد از کل فراوانی‌ها، به عنوان پرریسک‌ترین چالش‌ها شناخته می‌شوند و مواردی نظیر «عدم رعایت اصول ایمنی» و «ساعات کار غیرقانونی» در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار دارند. تحلیل نهایی اثبات می‌کند که این مغایرت‌ها صرفاً یک تخلف قانونی نیستند، بلکه به عنوان ریسک‌های پنهان، مستقیماً منجر به تحمیل هزینه‌های پیش‌بینی‌نشده، جرایم سنگین و توقف عملیات اجرایی می‌شوند. در پایان، این پژوهش ضمن ارائه چارچوب تنظیم قراردادهای استاندارد، راهکارهای کاربردی را برای کاهش اختلافات و تضمین موفقیت پروژه پیشنهاد نموده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Pathology of Labor Contracts in the Construction Sector Based on Labor Law with a Project Risk Management Approach

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Ali Banayazdi
Mohammad Sajjad Zareian
Hadi Alizadeh
Department of Civil Engineering, Shahab Danesh University, Qom, Iran
چکیده English

The non-compliance of construction labor contracts with the mandatory requirements of Labor Law is one of the fundamental causes of legal disputes, financial risks, and executive delays in private sector construction projects. Most of these contracts, due to unprofessional drafting and disregard for the fundamental rights of the workforce, create a breeding ground for conflicts and project failure. This research aims to perform a legal pathology, identify, and prioritize these discrepancies to enhance the risk management system in construction projects. The research method is descriptive-analytical, employing a qualitative content analysis approach to compare the provisions of 40 real-world contracts concluded in construction sites with 33 relevant articles of the Labor Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings led to the identification of 11 major and recurring discrepancies. Quantitative results indicate that discrepancies related to “wages and salaries”, “social security insurance”, and “end-of-service benefits,” accounting for 60% of the total frequency, are identified as the highest-risk challenges, followed by issues such as “non-compliance with safety principles” and “illegal working hours.” The final analysis proves that these discrepancies are not merely legal violations but act as hidden risks that directly lead to unforeseen costs, heavy penalties, and work stoppages. Finally, while providing a framework for drafting standard contracts, this study proposes practical solutions to reduce disputes and guarantee project success.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Construction Law
Labor Law
Risk Management
Construction Contracts
Labor Disputes
[1] M. Ravanshadnia, K. Mirrazavi, Civil engineering law, Simaye Danesh Publications, Tehran, 2021. (In Persian)
[2] S. Ahmadi, Labor law in the current legal system, Ava Publications, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[3] A. EslamiPanah, The role of custom as a source of rights, Private law studies quarterly, 47(2) (2017). (In Persian)
[4] A. Rafiei, Labor law in the current legal system, Negah Bineh Publications, Tehran, 2020. (In Persian)
[5] R. Parastesh, The cases of labor law and the concept of worker, University of Tehran, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[6] F. Mohseni, R. Ansari, The interaction between criminal liability and civil liability, Legal Research Quarterly, 86 (2019). (In Persian)
[7] A. Bariklo, The judicial function of contract law, Private law journal, 19 (2022). (In Persian)
[8] M. Hajipor, The limiting role of good faith in negotiations, Quarterly journal of private law research, 4(14) (2017). (In Persian)
[9] P. Asadi, Protection of the weaker party to the contract through fundamental rights, Quarterly journal of private law research, 6(23) (2018). (In Persian)
[10] A. EslamiPanah, Doctrine as a source of law, Quarterly journal of private law research, 9(32) (2020). (In Persian)
[11] A. EslamiPanah, Case law as a source of law, Legal research quarterly, 84 (2018). (In Persian)
[12] M. Amini, S. Kashani, Respect for the right to property in fundamental rights, Legal research quarterly, 79 (2017). (In Persian)
[13] Z. GholamiSabbagh, M. Ravanshadnia, A review of research on dispute resolution mechanisms in construction contracts in the last two decades, in:  The Second International Construction Law Conference, Khajeh Nasiruddin Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 2021. (In Persian)
[14] S. Farokhizadeh, H. Sadeghi, M. Bayati, Improving construction contract management and project failure factors and their effects on government construction projects, Payashahr Monthly Magazine, 6(63) (2024). (In Persian)
[15] A. Sari, M. Mirhoseini, M. Ehsanifar, A framework for adopting building information modeling based on critical success factors in Iranian government organizations, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 10(9) (2023). (In Persian)
[16] I. Martin, J. Falardeau, Impact on remedies of the use of corporate governance norms to address forced labour, International journal of comparative labour law and industrial relations, 40(4) (2024).
[17] H. Parviainen, Challenges of direct discrimination in algorithmic recruitment: Insuperable or Not?, International journal of comparative labour law and industrial relations, 40(4) (2024).
[18] R. Gutierrez, Transformative Constitutionalism and Labour Rights in Latin America´s 4.0 Revolution, International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 40(4) (2024).
[19] E. Kovacs, The Different Rights of a ‘Worker’: A comparative view, International journal of comparative labour law and industrial relations, 39(2) (2023) 151-158.
[20] W. William, Minimum Wage, in:  International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (second edition), 2015, pp. 541-565.
[21] H. Hafiz, L. Marinescu, Labor market regulation and worker power, The university of chicago law review, 90(2) (2023) 469-510.
[22] Labor law news, Comprehensive system of labor law, https://ghanoonekar.com/labor-law-news/page/5/,  (2022). (In Persian)
[23] F. SoroshNia, Description and interpretation of labor law, Raham Andisheh Publications, Alborz, 2022. (In Persian)
[24] A. Zeraat, M. Moein, Labor rights, Publications of Legal Thoughts, Esfehan, 2023. (In Persian)
[25] E. Araghi, Labor rights, Samt Publications, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[26] M. JafariLangroodi, Legal terminology, Ganj Danesh Library Publications, Tehran, 2020. (In Persian)
[27] M. Hashemi, Labor rights, Mizan Publications, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[28] H. Ghobadi, Labor rights, Majd publication, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[29] k. OstovarSangari, Introduction to labor law, Mizan Publications, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[30] A. Ranjbari, Labor rights, Majd publication, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)
[31] E. Araghi, Labor rights, Samt Publications, Tehran, 2020. (In Persian)
[32] G. Movahedian, Labor rights, Fekr Sazan Publications, Tehran, 2022. (In Persian)