مطالعه اثربخشی ترکیب الیاف و نانو ژئوپلیمر بر پایه پسماندهای صنعتی در بهبود مشخصات مکانیکی و افزایش دوام خاک‌‌های به شدت تورمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

چکیده

پتانسیل زیاد تغییر حجم رس‌‌های تورمی می‌‌تواند سبب مشکلات فراوانی برای سازه‌‌های مهندسی شده لذا مقابله با این خاک‌‌ها، جزء اولویت‌‌های مهم در پروژه‌‌های عمرانی بشمار می‌‌رود. از دیگر سو، با وجود گستردگی استفاده از تثبیت‌‌کننده‌‌های سنتی (مانند آهک) برای اصلاح رفتار خاک‌‌های منبسط‌‌شونده، ولی این رویکرد با چالش‌‌های متعدد فنی، اقتصادی و زیست‌‌محیطی مواجه است. بر این اساس، هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارائه یک راهبرد جدید به منظور رفع و یا کاهش محدودیت‌‌های فوق می‌‌باشد. در این راستا، عملکرد نوعی نانو ژئوپلیمر مرکب (SNZBG) مبتنی بر پسماندهای صنعتی (حاوی سرباره فولادسازی و نانو ذرات دارای سطوح فعال آلومینوسیلیکات) برای اصلاح مشخصات مهندسی یک رس با قابلیت تورم‌‌ بسیار زیاد (حدود 160%) و بهبود دوام آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور آهک تنها، SNZBG و ترکیب آن با الیاف، در مقادیر صفر تا 20% وزنی بطور مجزا به خاک اضافه و سپس مجموعه‌‌ای از آزمایش‌‌های مختلف بر روی نمونه‌‌ها صورت پذیرفت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد حضور صرفاً 12% آهک تنها، پس از 7 روز عمل‌‌آوری می‌‌تواند سبب کنترل تورم شده؛ اگرچه بهبود پارامترهای مکانیکی مصالح و رسیدن به آستانه مقاومت لازم بر اساس شاخص‌‌های بین‌‌المللی نیازمند مقادیر قابل ملاحظه (حدود 20%) افزودنی و زمان زیاد (حداقل 28 روز) نگهداری می‌‌باشد. همچنین مشخص گردید شرایط محیطی مهاجم (شامل دوره‌‌های مکرر یخ و ذوب، F-T)، سبب تخریب جامدشدگی ساختار و در نهایت زوال شدید (بعضاً تا 90%) خصوصیات مهندسی مصالح تثبیت شده با آهک خواهد شد. در مقابل، بهسازی با ژئوپلیمر پیشنهادی، ضمن کاهش 4 برابری زمان عمل‌‌آوری و آهک مورد نیاز برای اصلاح موفق خاک، سبب افزایش دوام نمونه‌‌ها تا 2 برابر می‌‌شود. با استناد به نتایج آنالیزهای ریزساختاری، دلایل ارتقاء رفتار مصالح حاوی SNZBG را می‌‌توان به قدرت بیشتر اتصال پولک‌‌های رسی به یکدیگر و کاهش تمایل آنها به جذب آب، ناشی از تشکیل نانوساختارهای مستحکم ژئوپلیمری و انسداد فیزیکی حفرات نسبت داد. از طرفی در سیستم اخیر، پاسخ تنش-کرنش همانند عملکرد آهک، عمدتاً به صورت شکست تُرد و با افت سریع مقاومت پسماند (خرابی کامل در کرنش حدود 2%) همراه است. مشاهده شد افزودن الیاف به مصالح تثبیت شده با SNZBG، نقش بسزایی در افزایش شکل‌‌پذیری ماتریکس خاک-ژئوپلیمر دارد. علت این بهبود عملکرد، هم‌‌افزایی تاثیر SNZBG و الیاف در ایجاد مسیرهای جدید انتقال تنش مابین ذرات (ساز و کار پل‌‌زدگی) و افزایش قفل و بست ساختار داخلی بواسطه تشکیل شبکه‌‌های سه بعدی درهم تنیده درون مصالح تعیین شد. بنحویکه در این سری از نمونه‌‌ها نسبت به نمونه‌‌های حاوی آهک تنها، علاوه بر رشد بیش از 2 برابری ظرفیت کششی، میزان خرابی در برابر چرخه مکرر F-T نیز تا 60% کاهش نشان داد. در مجموع بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، می‌‌توان نتیجه گرفت اصلاح خاک‌‌های تورمی با نانو ژئوپلیمر SNZBG همراه الیاف، رویکردی نوین و بسیار اثربخش (پایا و دوست‌‌دار محیط‌‌‌‌زیست) نسبت به روش تثبیت سنتی محسوب می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Coupling effects of fiber and nano-geopolymer on improving the mechanical performance of swelling soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Pashabavandpouri 1
  • Amir-reaz Goodarzi 2
  • Seyed Hamid Lajevardi 1
1 Department of Civil Eng., College of Eng., Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
2 2Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Despite the widespread use of traditional calcium-based stabilizers (such as lime) for soil stabilization, adopting such a strategy may face significant challenges. Hence, this study assessed the effects of using an innovative nano-geopolymer (SNZBG) enhanced by polypropylene fiber on improving the geo-mechanical performance and durability of highly expansive clays. The experimental results showed that the addition of low contents of lime alone may have a relatively favorable influence in controlling the swelling potential of soil; however, the improvement of mechanical parameters requires considerable amounts of additives and long curing times. It was found that harsh conditions (including frequent periods of freezing and thawing, F-T) would lead to the destruction of soil structure and eventually the deterioration of engineering properties. In contrast, the application of the proposed geopolymer could not only diminish (by nearly 4 folds) the required lime and time of curing for successful modification of soil but also significantly increase the durability of the composites. Based on the outcomes of microstructural analyses, the improved performance upon the application of SNZBG can be attributed to enhanced solidification processes and a reduction in the tendency of clay surfaces to absorb water due to the increased formation of geopolymeric nanostructures and the generation of physically clogged fabric. However, in the SNZBG system, similar to the lime’s performance, there was a dramatic reduction in strength when subjected to increasing external loading (i.e., the brittle failure pattern). It was also found that the inclusion of fibers plays a significant role in enhancing the ductility of the soil-geopolymer matrix. This can be attributed to the bridging effect and formation of a well-intertwined matrix. The combined effect of SNZBG and fibers leads to a twofold increase in the tensile capacity as well as a significant reduction (up to 60%) in the degree of damage caused by the F-T action compared to lime-treated soil samples. In general, it can be concluded that the treatment of swelling clayey soils with SNZBG/fiber is an effective approach compared to the traditional stabilization method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Expansive Soils
  • Lime Treatment
  • Harsh Conditions
  • Matrix Instability
  • SNZBG/Fiber
  • Improved Geo-Mechanical Performance

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نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر
دوره 56، شماره 12
1403
صفحه 1487-1510

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