بررسی حذف نیترات از زه‌آب های کشاورزی با استفاده از فیلتر زهکشی PRB در خاک های لومی و لوم شنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به بررسی تصفیه‌پذیری و احیای زه‌آب کشاورزی به کمک لایه‌های نفوذپذیر فعال می‌پردازد. برای ساخت مدل فیزیکی از یک مخزن مکعبی به ابعاد 1 متر طول، 1 متر عرض و 1 متر ارتفاع از جنس آهن استفاده شده است. لوله‌های زهکش با سوراخ استاندارد به قطر 16 میلی‌متر در عمق 20 سانتی‌متری از کف کارگذاری شدند. لوله‌های پیزومتر برای تعیین عمق سطح ایستابی در بدنه مدل‌کارگذاری گردید. پس از انجام آزمایش‌های نفوذپذیری و بررسی نتایج آن‌ و همچنین با توجه به میزان در دسترس بودن مواد انتخابی در عمل، نسبت اختلاط وزنی مواد به کار رفته در PRB به صورت 25%ماسه، 25% آنتراسیت، 20% زئولیت، 20% براده آهن و 10% خاک اره چوب سپیدار در نظر گرفته شد. ضریب نفوذپذیری PRB با ترکیب فوق بعد از اشباع کامل و گذشت زمان 24 ساعت برابر 0322/0 سانتی‌متر بر ثانیه بدست آمد. تعیین منحنی شکست برای پساب مصنوعی با غلظت اولیه 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نیترات برای ستون انجام گرفت. آشکار‌سازی و رخنه نیترات در زمان 15 دقیقه اتفاق افتاد. منحنی رخنه یک منحنی نرمال محسوب شده و مقدار تنها مجهول مسأله یعنی ضریب انتشار طولی (D_L) 1.5×〖10〗^(-7) m^2/s با سعی و خطا بدست آمد، که مقدار منطقی و قابل‌قبولی می‌باشد. عدد پکلت برای PRB مورد نظر برابر 344/14 بدست آمد که حاکی از تأثیر یکسان دو فرایند پخشیدگی و انتشار می‌باشد. در این تحقیق، فیلتر زهکش که شامل PRB و خاک لوم شنی می‌باشد قادر بوده تا نیترات را به میزان 44/99 درصد بعد از 24 روز کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of nitrate removal from agricultural drainage water using PRB filter in loamy sand and sandy loam soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Motafares 1
  • Ali Asareh 1
  • Mohammad Parvinnia 2
  • Mehdi Asadi lor 1
  • Davood Khoddadi Dehkordi 1
1 Department of Water Engineering and Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study is focused on the treatment and reuse of agricultural drainage water using permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). To construct the physical model, a cubic iron tank with dimensions of 1×1×1 is used. Drainage pipes with a standard diameter of 16 mm are installed at a depth of 20 cm. To determine the depth of the static level, piezometer tubes are used in the model. After permeability tests and evaluating the obtained results as well as considering the availability of materials, the mixture weight ratios of the materials in PRB are selected as follows: 25% sand, 25% anthracite, 20% zeolite, 20% iron borings, and 10% poplar wood sawdust. The permeability coefficient of the PRB with this mixture after complete saturation over 24 hours is equal to 0.0322 cm/s. An initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/liter is considered for the column to obtain the break through curve of the synthetic wastewater. It takes 15 minutes to detect the nitrate breakthrough. The breakthrough curve is considered a normal curve, and the only unknown of the problem, i.e., the longitudinal diffusion coefficient (D_L), is obtained by trial and error as 1.5×〖10〗^(-7) m^2⁄s, which is an acceptable value. The Peclet number for the proposed PRB is 14.344, which indicates the identical effects of the dispersion and diffusion processes. In this study, the drainage filter, which includes PRB and sandy loam soil, is able to eliminate nitrate by 99.44% after 24 days.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural drainage
  • Earth filter
  • Permeable reactive barrier
  • Loam soil
  • Nitrate removal
 [1] United Nation Environmental Assembly (UNEA), (2019(. https://environmentassembly.un environment.org/unea4.
[2] European Water Framework. The Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive: Actions towards the ’good Status’ of EU Water and to Reduce Flood Risks, (2015).
[3] European Environment Agency, European Waters Assessment of Status and Pressures. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/state-of-water, (2018).
[4] M.A. Sutton, C.M. Howard, J.W. Erisman, G. Billen, A. Bleeker, P. Grennfelt, H. Grinsven, B. Grizzetti, European nitrogen assessment (ENA). In: Winiwarter, W., Hettelingh, J.-P. (Eds.), Future Scenarios of Nitrogen in Europe, (2011) 556–557. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976988 (chapter 24).
[5] J.M. Jemison and R.H. Fox, Nitrate leaching from nitrogen fertilizered and manured corn measured with zero-tension pan lysimeters. J. Environ. Qual, 23(2) (1994) 337-343.
[6] D.R. Keeney, Nitrate in groundwater-agricultural contribution and control. P 329-351. In Proc. Conference. Of Agricultural Impacts on Ground Water, Omaha, Nebrasaka, (1987) 11-13. National Water Well Association, Dublin, OH
[7] P. K. Haan and R. W. Skaggs, Effect of Parameter Uncertainty on DRAINMOD Predictions: II, (2003)
[8] S. Darbandi, Environmental Considerations in the Design and Management of Drainage Networks, Second Technical Workshop on Drainage and Environment, 27 Ardibehesht, Tehran, Iran. (2002). (In Persian)
[9] B. Nazari, A. Liaqat, M. Parsi-Nejad, and A. Naseri, Optimization of the installation depth of underground drains with economic and environmental considerations, 5th Technical Workshop on Drainage and Environment, November 16, Tehran, Iran, (2007). (In Persian)
[10] M. R. Comeira, R. M. Fernando and L. S. Pereira, Monitoring water land NO -N in irrigated maize fields in the Sorraia Watershed, Portugal. Agricultural Water Management, (60) (2003) 199-216.
 [11] P. A. Hamilton, and D. A. Helsel, Effects of agriculture on ground-water quality in five regions of the UStates. Ground Water, (33) (1995) 217-226.
[12] J.N. Galloway, F.J. Dentener, D.G. Capone, E.W. Boyer, R.W. Howarth, S.P. Seitzinger, G.P. Anser, C. Clevelan, P.E. Green, D.M. Holland, A.F. Karl, J.H. Michaels, A. Porter and C. Vorosmarty, Nitrogen cycles past, present and future. Biogeochemistry, 70(2) (2004) 153-226.
 [13] S. Heumann, J. Bottcher and G. Springob, N mineralization parameter of sandy arable soils. J. Plant Nut, 166(2) (2002) 308-318.
 [14] T. Soejima, In situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated grounwater using a permeable reactive barrier. Environmental Geotechnics (4th ICEG),de Mello and Almeida. 2 (2002) 811-816.          
[15] B. Harris, PRB’s and their role in the sustainable remediation of groundwater. Belfast Northern Irland, UK, (2004).
[16] W. Ali, H. Takaijudin, KW. Yusof, M. Osman, AS. Abdurrasheed, The Common Approaches of Nitrogen Removal in Bioretention System. Sustainability Volume 13, (2021).
[17] S. Aparicio-Vázquez, C. Fall, M, Islas-Espinoza, D. Alcántara, V. Petranovskii, MT. Olguín, Influence of experimental conditions to obtain silver-modified zeolite-rich tuffs on the antimicrobial activity for Escherichia coli suspended in aqueous media, Environmental Technology & Innovation Volume 23, (2021).
[18] A. Khalil, R. Hashaikeh, N. Hilal, 3D printed zeolite-Y for removing heavy metals from water, Journal of Water Process Engineering Volume 42, (2021).
[19] F. Florea. Adrian, L.u. Changyong, Ch.r. Hans, B. Hansen, A zero-valent iron and zeolite filter for nitrate recycling from agricultural drainage water, Chemosphere, Volume 287, Part 1 (2022).   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131993
[20] N. Delbazi, M. Ahmadi Moghadam, A. Takdastan, N. Jafar Zade Haghighi Fard, A comparison of filter performance layer of sand-floor and bilayer filter with lika and anthracite floors in the removal of organic matter and turbidity, Journal of Health and Environment, Journal Scientific Research, 3 (2011) 301-312. (In Persian)
 [21] M.T. Samadi, M. Salimi, M.H. Saghi, Comparison of mercury removal from drinking water by activated carbon columns packed with natural zeolite Clinoptilolite and anthracite, Journal of Water and Wastewater, 4 (2009) 54-59. (In Persian)
 [22] M. Kamali, S. Haji, Application of zeolite in water and wastewater treatment, First Conference on Biology Environmental Refining  Technologies, (2011).
[23] R.A. Freeze and J.A. Cherry, Ground water, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1979).
[24] M. Bayburdi, soil physics, 8th edition, number 1672, Tehran University Press, (2014).
[25] M. Javad Akhundi, F. Godhi Arous Mahaleh, Investigation of Arak plain water quality in terms of nitrate and hardness in consecutive years, 3rd Iran Water Resources Management Conference, (2008).
 [26] S. Anwar, A. Cortis, M.C. Sukop, Lattice boltzmann simulation of solute transport in heterogeneous porous media with connduits to estimate macroscopic continuous time random walk model parameters. Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, 8 (2008) 213-221.
[27] M. Sedghi-Asl, Investigation of the limits of the dupuit analogue for steady gradually varied flow through coarse porous media, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, (2010).
[28] J. Bear, Dynamics of fluids in porous media, Elsevier Science, New York, (1972).
[29] M. Ehtashami, A. Sharifi, Ualitative model aquifer Rey, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4 (2006) 1-9.
[30] M. Baiboudi, Soil physics, Tehran University Press, 8th Edn, (2005).
[31] M.K. Ghasemian, Modeling of biologic soil filters at pilot scale for removal of organic materials solved in civil floods, M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Yasouj University., (2010).