راهبردی در تدوین استاندارد لاینر کف محل دفن پسماندهای جامد شهری در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات محیط زیست، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 مهندسین مشاور پادنا زیستا فن، تهران، ایران

3 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تفاوت‌های اقلیمی زیاد در نقاط مختلف کشور و ظرفیت پایین سرمایه‌گذاری در سیستم‌های مدیریت پسماند باعث شده است ارائة یک طرح همسان جهت لاینر کفِ محل‌های دفن پسماند شهری چندان واقع‌بینانه نباشد. در این مقاله یک رویکرد نیمه‌عملکردی جهت انتخاب لاینر مناسب در این محل‌های دفن ارائه شده است. از این رویکرد در تدوین دستورالعمل ارزیابی فنی و ضوابط زیست‌محیطی محل‌های دفن پسماند عادی و ویژه استفاده شده است. بدین منظور، شرایط مختلف اقلیمی و هیدروژئولوژیکی در نظر گرفته شد. نرخ نفوذ شیرابه به ‌درون سیستم جمع‌آوری شیرابه در حالات مختلف اقلیمی متناظر با بارش زیاد، متوسط و کم با استفاده از نرم‌افزار HELP تعیین و به ‌عنوان پارامتر نمایندة شرایط اقلیمی در نظر گرفته شد. همچنین نرخ روزانة دفن پسماند که مبین اندازة محل‌ دفن است به ‌صورت طول محل‌ دفن در امتداد آب زیرزمینی تعیین شد. سرعت آب زیرزمینی، هدایت هیدرولیکی خاک زیرِ محل‌ دفن و ضخامت آن نیز به ‌عنوان پارامترهای هیدروژئولوژیکی منظور شدند. سناریوهای تلفیقی حاصل (324 حالت) در نرم‌افزار POLLUTE تعریف و فرآیند نشت یون کلراید از درون پنج گزینة مختلف لاینر مدل‌سازی شد. نتایج نشان داد که هر چه اندازة محل‌ دفن بزرگتر و هدایت هیدرولیکی لایة خاک طبیعی در زیر محل‌ دفن بیشتر باشد، با کاهش لایه‌های لاینر و کاهش سرعت آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان، حداکثر غلظت آلاینده‌ای که به آبخوان می‌رسد بیشتر و مدت زمان رسیدن به حداکثر غلظت، کمتر می‌شود. در نهایت بر اساس نتایج مدل‌سازی، لاینر بهینه جهت هر یک از شرایط اقلیمی و هیدروژئولوژیکی بررسی‌ شده، پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A strategy in developing standards for the liner of municipal solid waste landfills in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nafise Jamialahmadi 1
  • Mohammad Hashemi 2
  • Mehran Karimpour-Fard 3
1 Environmental research center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Padena Zista Fan consulting engineers,, Tehran, Iran
3 Iran University of Science and Technology
چکیده [English]

The difference in climatic conditions across the country and low investment capacity in waste management systems makes it unrealistic to establish the same prescribed design for the bottom liner of municipal solid waste landfills. In this paper, a semi-performance-based approach for the proper design of liners in these landfills has been proposed. This approach has been used in the development of technical evaluation guidelines and environmental criteria for municipal and hazardous waste landfills. Therefore, different climatic and hydrogeological conditions were considered. The rate of leachate infiltration into the leachate collection system in different climates corresponding to high, medium and low precipitation was calculated using the HELP model and considered as a representative parameter of climatic conditions. The rate of waste deposition, which indicates the size of the landfill, was introduced as the length of the landfill along the groundwater direction. Groundwater velocity, hydraulic conductivity and thickness of the aquitard were used as hydrogeological parameters. The resulting scenarios (324 scenarios) were defined in POLLUTE v7 and the chloride migration in five liner options were modeled. The results show that as the landfill is larger and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard is higher, the maximum contaminant concentration in the aquifer and the required time period to reach the maximum concentration will increase and decrease, respectively, by reducing the different layers of the liner system and decreasing groundwater velocity. Finally, the optimum liner for all climatic and hydrogeological conditions is proposed based on modeling results.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Performance based design
  • leachate
  • Contaminant transport
  • Landfill liner design
  • Soret coefficient
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