ارزیابی اثرات محیط‌زیستی سیاست‌های مدیریت تقاضا بر سیستم آب شهری با رویکرد چرخه حیات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

اگر چه افزایش شهرنشینی و روند رو به رشد جمعیت، سیاست‌گذاران را به سمت اقداماتی در حوزه مدیریت مصرف آب شهری سوق داده است، اما اتخاذ چنین سیاست‌هایی می‌تواند تبعات مثبت و منفی گسترده‌ای را بر جنبه‌های مختلف سیستم آب شهری به همراه داشته باشد. در طی سال‌های اخیر به‌ دنبال افزایش بحران آب در استان اصفهان، مدیریت فشار به ‌منظور کاهش دسترسی به آب به ‌عنوان سیاست جدید مدیریت تقاضای آب در شهرهای مختلف این استان اعمال شده است. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر دیدگاه نوینی را با رویکرد چرخه حیات برای بررسی اثرات محیط‌زیستی ناشی از اعمال چنین سیاستی با فرض درصدهای مختلف کمبود آب در دسترس طی سال‌های 1397 تا 1415، ارائه و در شهر جدید بهارستان (استان اصفهان) بررسی کرده است. سیاهه‌نویسی چرخه حیات برای فرآیندهایی از جمله خرابی شبکه و مصرف انرژی ایستگاه پمپاژ بر اساس شرایط منطقه مورد مطالعه انجام شده و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SimaPro ارزیابی چرخه حیات صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بخش قابل‌توجهی از اثرات محیط‌زیستی در شبکه تامین و توزیع آب مربوط به خرابی‌های شبکه است که نسبت به مصرف انرژی، تأثیرات بسیاری در اکثر گروه‌های میانی و پایانی اثرات محیط‌زیستی دارد، به ‌طوری که اثرات پایانی محیط‌زیستی خرابی‌های شبکه به صورت میانگین 2/2 برابر سیستم پمپاژ است. با اجرای سیاست مدیریت فشار می‌توان اثرات محیط‌زیستی شبکه توزیع آب و سیستم پمپاژ را کاهش داد. با اعمال مدیریت فشار در سناریوها با بازه زمانی یکسان، اثرات محیط‌زیستی پایانی به ترتیب به میزان 14/7 درصد (کوتاه مدت) و 20/2 درصد (بلند مدت) کاهش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Impacts Assessment of Water Demand Management Policies on Urban Water Systems Using Life Cycle Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Abbasi
  • Massoud Tabesh
  • Haniye Safarpour
  • Seyyed Ahmadreza Shahangian
M.Sc. School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Although increasing the population and urbanization worldwide have led decision-makers to consider urban water management policies more often, any policies, in turn, can positively and negatively affect urban water systems. In recent years, in response to intensifying water crisis across Isfahan province, pressure management has been applied in order to reduce water access as a new water demand management strategy in most cities of this province. The present study investigated the environmental effects of such a policy in Baharestan city (Isfahan province) during the 2018-2036 period, using a life cycle approach and different percentages of available water shortages. By considering the conditions of the study area, the life cycle assessment was conducted to explore the environmental impacts of processes such as network failure and energy consumption at the pumping station through SimaPro software. The results revealed that a significant part of the environmental effects in the water supply and distribution network were related to network failures, which, in comparison with energy consumption, have many effects on most midpoint and endpoint environmental effects. Based on the result, the endpoint environmental effects caused by network failures are, on average, 2.2 times greater than pumping systems. The finding suggested that by applying pressure management, the endpoint environmental effects in both short-term and long-term scenarios were reduced by 14.7% and 20.2%, respectively. Hence, it can be deduced that the pressure management policy can be an effective policy instrument in minimizing the environmental impacts of the water distribution network and pumping system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pressure Management
  • Water Distribution Network
  • Pumping System
  • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
  • Environmental Effects

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نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر
دوره 54، شماره 10
دی 1401
صفحه 3903-3922

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