فرآوری مصالح ساختمانی آجر با خواص مکانیکی ویژه با استفاده از مواد بازیافتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی پژوهشگاه استاندارد

چکیده

هدف این مقاله مطالعه برخی ویژگی­ های مصالح ساختمانی ساخته شده با گچ (تجاری- CGP و بازیافت شده- RGP) و ضایعات (سرامیک قرمز- RC و چینی-PW) با استفاده از بارگذاری تحت فشار (فشار پرس) قبل از سخت شدن مواد است. آجرها با ترکیب جرم جامدی ساخته می­ شوند که حاوی 50% وزنی ماده چسبنده و %50 وزنی مواد ضایعاتی و نسبتی از مقدار خیلی کمی آب / پودر خشک (22/0) است. بر اساس این یافته­ ها مواد ضایعاتی صنعتی مختلفی به صورت مخلوط مانند پلاستر گچی بازیافت شده، و همچنین مواد تهیه شده از ضایعات سرامیک قرمز (RC) و ضایعات چینی (PW) وجود دارند. در این تحقیق نمونه‌های مورد آزمایش قبل از زمان گیرش با استفاده از دستگاه پرس تک محوری (10 kN) قالب‌گیری شدند. پس از عمل‌آوری و سخت شدن نمونه‌ها مقاومت فشاری و خمشی، تخلخل و ریزساختار نمونه‌ها بررسی شد. نتایج مقاومت فشاری در محدوده MPa12 تا MPa35 بود. نسبت آب / جرم جامد و نیروی اعمالی پرس تک محوری قبل از زمان گیرش در کاهش تخلخل نمونه‌ها تاثیر زیادی داشته و خواص مکانیکی آن‌ها افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می­ دهند این افزایش مواد ضایعاتی مذکور سبب ایجاد مصالح ساختمانی آجر با کیفیت بهتر خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Processing of brick building materials with special mechanical properties using recycled materials

نویسنده [English]

  • Behzad Mehdikhani
faculty of member standard research institute
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this paper is to study some properties of building materials made with plaster (commercial - CGP and recycled - RGP)and waste (red - RC, and porcelain - PW ceramics)using Press pressure. The brick is made with a solid mass composition containing 50 wt% of cohesive material and 50 wt% of waste material and is proportional to the amount of dry water/dry powder (0.22). According to these findings, there are various industrial waste materials such as plaster recycling, as well as materials from red (RC) and porcelain waste (PW) waste. In this study, specimens were cast before using a single-core inquiry (10 kN)before obtaining a uniaxial compressive strength (10 kN). After treatment and characterization of specimens, the stress and flexural strength, porosity and microstructure of samples were investigated. The results of the compressive strength were in the range of 12MPa to 35MPa. The ratio of solid water/mass and the applied force applied to the uniaxial compressive stress before getting caught in reducing the porosity of specimens had a significant effect on their mechanical properties. The results show that this increase in waste material will cause a better quality of brick building materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Recycled gypsum
  • Red body ceramic waste
  • Porcelain waste
  • Compressive strength
[1] M. Santandrea, I. Imohamed, H. Jahangir, C. Carloni, C. Mazzotti, S. De Miranda, F. Ubertini, P. Casadei, An investigation of the debonding mechanism in steel FRP-and FRCM-concrete joints, in:  4th Workshop on the new boundaries of structural concrete, 2016, pp. 289-298.
[2] H. Jahangir, M.R. Esfahani, Investigating loading rate and fibre densities influence on SRG-concrete bond behaviour, Steel and Composite Structures, 34(6) (2020) 877-889.
[3] H. Jahangir, M.R. Esfahani, Experimental analysis on tensile strengthening properties of steel and glass fiber reinforced inorganic matrix composites, Scientia Iranica, 28(3) (2021) 1152-1166.
[4] H. Jahangir, M.R. Esfahani, Strain of newly–developed composites relationship in flexural tests, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 5(Special Issue 3) (2018) 92-107
[5] M. Bagheri, A. Chahkandi, H. Jahangir, Seismic reliability analysis of RC frames rehabilitated by glass fiber-reinforced polymers, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 17(11) (2019) 1785-1797.
[6] H. Jahangir, D.R. Eidgahee, A new and robust hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm–ANN model for FRP-concrete bond strength evaluation, Composite Structures, 257 (2021) 113160.
[7] R.H. Geraldo, S.M. Pinheiro, J.S. Silva, H.M. Andrade, J. Dweck, J.P. Gonçalves, G. Camarini, Gypsum plaster waste recycling: A potential environmental and industrial solution, Journal of Cleaner Production, 164 (2017) 288-300.
[8] J. Rivero, R. Sathre, J.G. Navarro, Life cycle energy and material flow implications of gypsum plasterboard recycling in the European Union, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 108 (2016) 171-181.
[9] C. Leiva, C.G. Arenas, L. Vilches, J. Vale, A. Gimenez, J. Ballesteros, C. Fernández-Pereira, Use of FGD gypsum in fire resistant panels, Waste Management, 30(6) (2010) 1123-1129.
[10] M. Singh, M. Garg, Activation of fluorogypsum for building materials,  (2009).
[11] M. Arikan, K. Sobolev, The optimization of a gypsum-based composite material, Cement and Concrete Research, 32(11) (2002) 1725-1728.
[12] L.M. Baltar, C.A.M. Baltar, M. Benachour, Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on gypsum re-hydration process, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 125 (2013) 5-9.
[13] N. Singh, B. Middendorf, Calcium sulphate hemihydrate hydration leading to gypsum crystallization, Progress in crystal growth and characterization of materials, 53(1) (2007) 57-77.
[14] A. Vimmrova, M. Keppert, O. Michalko, R. Černý, Calcined gypsum–lime–metakaolin binders: Design of optimal composition, Cement and Concrete Composites, 52 (2014) 91-96.
[15] K. Condeixa, E. Qualharini, D. Boer, A. Haddad, An inquiry into the life cycle of systems of inner walls: Comparison of masonry and drywall, Sustainability, 7(6) (2015) 7904-7925.
[16] P. Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre, G. Esposito, E.D. van Hullebusch, P.N. Lens, Biological sulfate removal from gypsum contaminated construction and demolition debris, Journal of environmental management, 131 (2013) 82-91.
[17] P.S. Bardella, G. Camarini, Recycled plaster: physical and mechanical properties, in:  Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publ, 2012, pp. 1307-1310.
[18] S. Suarez, X. Roca, S. Gasso, Product-specific life cycle assessment of recycled gypsum as a replacement for natural gypsum in ordinary Portland cement: application to the Spanish context, Journal of Cleaner Production, 117 (2016) 150-159.
[19] G. Camarini, K.D. dos Santos Lima, S.M. Pinheiro, Investigation on gypsum plaster waste recycling: An eco-friendly material, Green Materials, 3(4) (2016) 104-112.
[20] L. Reig, M. Tashima, L. Soriano, M. Borrachero, J. Monzó, J. Payá, Alkaline activation of ceramic waste materials, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 4(4) (2013) 729-736.
[21] Y. Abadou, R. Mitiche-Kettab, A. Ghrieb, Ceramic waste influence on dune sand mortar performance, Construction and Building Materials, 125 (2016) 703-713.
[22] M.S. Khan, M. Sohail, N.S. Khattak, M. Sayed, Industrial ceramic waste in Pakistan, valuable material for possible applications, Journal of Cleaner Production, 139 (2016) 1520-1528.       
[23] E. GARCIA, M. CABRAL JUNIOR, V. Quarcioni, F.F. Chotoli, Resíduo de cerâmica vermelha (RCV): uma alternativa como material pozolânico, Cerâmica Industrial, 19(4) (2014) 31-38.              
[24] V.A. Mantovani, C.S. Franco, S.D. Mancini, H.L. Haseagawa, B.F. Gianelli, V.X. Batista, L.L. Rodrigues, Comparison of polymers and ceramics in new and discarded electrical insulators: reuse and recycling possibilities, Matéria (Rio de Janeiro), 18 (2013) 1549-1562.
[25] N. Xu, S. Li, Y. Li, Z. Xue, L. Yuan, J. Zhang, L. Wang, Preparation and properties of porous ceramic aggregates using electrical insulators waste, Ceramics International, 41(4) (2015) 5807-5811.
[26] H. Higashiyama, K. Yamauchi, M. Sappakittipakorn, M. Sano, O. Takahashi, A visual investigation on chloride ingress into ceramic waste aggregate mortars having different water to cement ratios, Construction and Building Materials, 40 (2013) 1021-1028.                                                                                                   
[27] R. Senthamarai, P.D. Manoharan, D. Gobinath, Concrete made from ceramic industry waste: Durability properties, Construction and Building Materials, 25(5) (2011) 2413-2419.               
[28] M.A. Campos, V.A. Paulon, J.G. Dalfré Filho, Ceramic wastes in the city of Pedreira [SP], Brazil: equationing and recycling solutions, Labor Eng. 7 (2013) 74–83.
[29] R.H. Geraldo, J.D. Souza, S.C. Campos, L.F. Fernandes, G. Camarini, Pressured recycled gypsum plaster and wastes: Characteristics of eco-friendly building components, Construction and Building Materials, 191 (2018) 136-144.
[30] J.M. Mejía, R.M. de Gutiérrez, C. Montes, Rice husk ash and spent diatomaceous earth as a source of silica to fabricate a geopolymeric binary binder, Journal of Cleaner Production, 118 (2016) 133-139.
[31] A.E. Lavat, M.A. Trezza, M. Poggi, Characterization of ceramic roof tile wastes as pozzolanic admixture, Waste Management, 29(5) (2009) 1666-1674.
[32] R.H. Geraldo, C.M. Ouellet-Plamondon, E.A. Muianga, G. Camarini, Alkali-activated binder containing wastes: a study with rice husk ash and red ceramic, Cerâmica, 63 (2017) 44-51.
[33]A. Gmouh, S. Eve, A. Samdi, R. Moussa, J. Hamel, M. Gomina, Changes in plaster microstructure by pre-stressing or by adding gypsum grains: microstructural and mechanical investigations, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 352(1-2) (2003) 325-332.
[34] J. Zhou, C. Liu, Z. Shu, D. Yu, Q. Zhang, T. Li, Q. Xue, Preparation of specific gypsum with advanced hardness and bending strength by a novel in-situ loading-hydration process, Cement and Concrete Research, 67 (2015) 179-183.
[35]A. Barbosa, A. Ferraz, G. Santos, Chemical, mechanical and morphological characterization of gypsum obtained at Araripe, PE, Brazil, Cerâmica, 60 (2014) 501-508.
[36] R.H. Geraldo, J.D. Souza, S.C. Campos, L.F. Fernandes, G. Camarini, Pressured recycled gypsum plaster and wastes: Characteristics of eco-friendly building components, Construction and Building Materials, 191 (2018) 136-144.
[37] F.G.S. Silva, R.A.F. Junior, J.S. da Silva, K.W. Pinto, H.M.C. Andrade, J. Dweck, J.P. Gonçalves, Hydration of the equilibrium catalyst (Ecat) calcium hydroxide system, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 120(2) (2015) 1089-1098.
[38] G. Camarini, S.M. Pinheiro, Microstructure of recycled gypsum plaster by SEM, in:  Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publ, 2014, pp. 243-246.