رتبه‌بندی دلایل دوباره‌کاری در پروژه‌های ساخت‌وساز ایران و بررسی اثر تکنیک‌های ساخت‌وساز ناب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

دوباره‌کاری یکی از مشکلات مهم در صنعت ساخت‌وساز می‌باشد. با وجود مطالعات فراوانی که در حیطة دوباره‌کاری در جهان صورت گرفته ‌است، فقدان بررسی جامع عوامل ایجاد دوباره‌کاری در ایران، احساس می‌شود. علاوه بر این، روشی کارآمد و اثرگذار برای بهبود اساسی مسائل مربوط به دوباره‌کاری، نه تنها در ایران بلکه در سایر کشورها نیز مورد نیاز است. بنابراین، در این پژوهش سعی شد با استفاده از روش پیمایش از طریق پرسشنامه، عوامل اصلی ایجاد دوباره‌کاری در ایران شناسایی شده و بر اساس معیارهای هزینه، زمان، کیفیت، ایمنی و رضایت تیم پروژه با روش فازی-تاپسیس رتبه‌بندی شوند. سپس، تکنیک‌های ساخت‌وساز ناب به عنوان راهکاری برای پیشگیری از رخداد دوباره‌کاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و اثرگذاری این تکنیک‌ها بر اهمیت عوامل دوباره‌کاری مورد آزمایش قرارگرفت. نتایج حاصل از 52 پرسشنامه نشان دادند که عوامل مربوط به کارفرما، فاز ساخت و فاز طراحی به ترتیب سه عاملِ اصلیِ دوباره‌کاری در ایران هستند. عوامل تخصیص ناکارآمد منابع، تغییر سفارشات کارفرما، تأخیر در تأمین مالی و ارائة تحویل دادنی‌های قرارداد، سطح مهارت ناکافی، و مدیریت ناکارآمد نیز به ترتیب با اهمیت‌ترین عوامل جزئیِ دوباره‌کاری می‌باشند. از طرفی، میزان ناب‌سازی پروژه‌ها از طریق سیستم نمره‌دهیِ ناب و با 14 فاکتور بررسی شد. نتایج نشان دادند که با وجود اینکه تکنیک‌های ناب بصورت تخصصی در پروژه‌ها اجرا نمی‌شوند، برخی فاکتورهای ساخت‌وساز ناب مورد بررسی در این پژوهش (از جمله تمرکز بر وضعیت ارتباطات و همکاری، استفاده از IT و RFI،) بصورت معناداری دوباره‌کاری و اهمیت دلایل ایجاد آن را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Ranking the Rework Causes in Iran's Construction Projects and Investigating the Effect of Lean Construction Techniques

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Moaveni
  • Hashem Shariatmadar
Civil Engineering Dept., Ferdowsi Univ. of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Rework is one of the common problems in the construction industry. Despite the many studies that have taken place in the world, the lack of a comprehensive examination of the rework causes in Iran is evident. In addition, there is a need to provide an efficient and effective way to improve the rework issues. Therefore, in this study, using the survey method through the questionnaire, the main factors of rework in Iran were identified and ranked according to the criteria of cost, time, quality, safety, and satisfaction of the project team by the Fuzzy-TOPSIS method. Then, lean construction techniques were considered as a strategy to prevent rework, and the impact of these techniques on the importance of the rework factors was tested. The results of 52 questionnaires showed that the factors related to the client, the construction phase, and the design phase were the three main factors of the rework in Iran. Factors for insufficient turnover and commissioning resourcing, late client changes, delaying financing and contract delivery, insufficient skill levels, and ineffective management of project team are also the most important sub-factors, respectively. On the other hand, the lean construction measuring of the projects was examined through the Lean Project Rating System (LPRS) with 14 factors. The results showed that some of the lean construction factors considered in this study (including a focus on communication and collaboration status, the use of IT and RFI) significantly alter rework and the importance of its causes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rework
  • Lean construction
  • Integrated Project Delivery
  • Fuzzy-TOPSIS
  • Change orders
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