چیدمان بهینه تاورکرین‌ها در محیط ساخت‌وساز با هدف کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی و تکمیل به موقع پروژه با درنظر گرفتن ظرفیت تاورکرین‌ها و ظرفیت نقاط عرضه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده ریاضی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

چیدمان بهینه تاورکرین‌ها در محیط ساخت‌وساز می‌تواند هزینه‌های پروژه و همچنین مدت زمان ساخت‌وساز را کاهش دهد. مدل‌های ریاضی مختلفی برای چیدمان بهینه تاورکرین‌ها ارائه شده است. اما مدل‌های ریاضی پیشین نتوانستند تمام عوامل تاثیرگذار بر مکان‌یابی بهینه تاورکرین‌ها را به صورت همزمان مورد توجه قرار دهند. علاوه بر این برخی از موارد مانند تکمیل پروژه قبل از مهلت تعیین شده در پژوهش‌های گذشته مورد غفلت واقع شده است. همچنین توجه به انواع هزینه‌های تاثیرگذار از قبیل هزینه اجاره، نصب و راه‌اندازی تاورکرین‌ها و دستمزد نیروی انسانی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله به منظور بهبود برخی از نواقص موجود یک مدل خطی عدد صحیح برای تعیین بهینه تعداد و مکان تاورکرین‌ها پیشنهاد می‌شود. مدل پیشنهادی عوامل مهمی از قبیل ظرفیت و شعاع حرکت مجاز تاورکرین‌ها، نیاز به انواع مصالح ساختمانی و ظرفیت محدود نقاط عرضه در تامین مصالح را درنظر می‌گیرد. همچنین مدل پیشنهادی تکمیل به موقع پروژه قبل از مهلت تعیین شده بر اساس قراردادهای کاری را تضمین می‌کند. مدل پیشنهادی در تعیین تعداد و مکان بهینه تاورکرین‌ها به دنبال کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی مانند هزینه‌ نصب، راه‌اندازی و اجاره تاورکرین‌ها، دستمزد نیروی انسانی و هزینه فعالیت تاورکرین‌ها است. در این مقاله هزینه اجاره و فعالیت تاورکرین‌ها و همچنین دستمزد نیروی انسانی متناسب با مدت زمان استفاده از تاورکرین‌ها محاسبه می‌شود. با استفاده از یک نمونه مطالعاتی عملکرد مدل پیشنهادی بررسی می‌شود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد مدل پیشنهادی ضمن کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی، تکمیل به موقع پروژه و رعایت ظرفیت تاورکرین و نقاط عرضه را تضمین می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Tower Crane Layout in Construction Sites to Reduce Operational Costs and Ensure On-Time Project Completion Considering Crane Capacity and Supply Point Constraints

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Ahmadnia 1
  • Reza Ghanbari 1
  • Mojtaba Maghrebi 2
1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

The optimal layout of tower cranes in the construction environment can reduce project costs and also construction duration. Various mathematical models are presented for the optimal location of tower cranes. But previous mathematical models could not consider all factors affecting the optimal location of tower cranes simultaneously. Furthermore, some cases like completing the project before the deadline have been neglected in past research. Also, paying attention to effective costs like rent, installation and operation of tower cranes, and human labor wages are given less attention. In order to improve some existing deficiencies, this article proposes an integer linear model to determine optimal number and location of tower cranes. The proposed model considers important factors like capacity and permitted movement radius of tower cranes, need for various construction materials and supply points capacity in supplying materials. Also, proposed model guarantees timely completion of the project before the deadline set according to work contracts. The proposed model in determining the optimal number and location of tower cranes seeks to reduce operating costs like the cost of installing, operating and renting tower cranes and human labor. In this article, the cost of renting and operating tower cranes, and also manpower wages, are calculated according to the duration of use of tower cranes. Using a study sample, the performance of the proposed model is checked. The results show that the proposed model while reducing operational costs, ensures the timely completion of the project and compliance with the capacity of tower cranes and supply points.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal Layout
  • Tower Crane
  • Optimization
  • Location Planning
  • Construction Crane

مراجع

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نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر
دوره 57، شماره 11
بهمن 1404
صفحه 1897-1920

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