عوامل موفقیت پروژه‌‌های مشارکت عمومی خصوصی در ایران، موانع سرمایه‌‌گذاری بخش خصوصی در طرح‌‌های زیرساختی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

علی‌رغم گسترش مشارکت عمومی خصوصی در دنیا، ولی حجم سرمایه‌گذاری بخش خصوصی در طرح‌های زیرساختی ایران پائین‌تر از اهداف برنامه‌ای ‏است. در این مقاله عوامل موفقیت مشارکت عمومی خصوصی، خاص محیط کسب‌وکار ایران شناسائی شده و اولویت آنها از منظر ذی‌نفعان متفاوت صنعت ‏احداث تحلیل شده است. برای این منظور ضمن مطالعه تحقیقات منتشر شده در دنیا، 23 معیار موفقیت مشارکت عمومی خصوصی ایران با روش گروه اسمی شناسائی ‏گردیدند و راهکارهایی عملیاتی برای غلبه بر آنها پیشنهاد گردیده‌اند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌‌دهد که مهمترین عوامل موفقیت مشارکت عمومی خصوصی در ایران شامل نرخ سود پروژه، سابقه کارفرما در مدیریت پروژه، نحوه تسهیم ریسک‌‌ها بین دو طرف قرارداد و شفافیت مناقصه است. تحلیل نتایج ارزیابی‌‌های صورت‌‌گرفته توسط بخش خصوصی و بخش عمومی در این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که اختلاف زیادی بین اولویت‌‌های دو طرف وجود دارد که نهایتا مانع توسعه مشارکت عمومی خصوصی در ایران می‌‌گردد. از دیدگاه سرمایه‌‌گذاران بخش خصوصی، عمده‌‌ترین مانع در برابر مشارکت عمومی خصوصی در ایران، ‏پایبندی دستگاه‌‌های اجرائی به تعهدات قراردادی است. در مقابل، از دیدگاه بخش عمومی اولویت اصلی در برابر توسعه مشارکت عمومی خصوصی، ابهام در قوانین و اختیارات تصمیم‌‌گیران بخش دولتی است. لذا پیشنهاد می‌‌گردد ‏که با تصویب قوانین خاصی برای مشارکت عمومی خصوصی، ضمن ارائه مشوق‌‌ها و معافیت‌‌های قانونی برای حمایت مالی از سرمایه‌‌گذاران خصوصی، تلاش گردد که با افزایش شفافیت در فرآیند تصمیم‌‌گیری بخش‌‌عمومی و مشارکت نهادهای بازار مالی برای نظارت بر اجرای تعهدات دستگاه‌های اجرائی، نظام حکمرانی پروژه‌‌های زیرساختی ایران ارتقا یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Critical Success factors of public private partnership projects in Iran, Barriers to private sector investment in infrastructure projects

نویسندگان [English]

  • garshasb khazaeni 1
  • Ali khazaeni 2
1 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 Islamic Azad University, South Tehran
چکیده [English]

Despite the expansion of public-private partnership in the world, the amount of private sector investment in Iran's infrastructure projects is Low. In this article, the success factors of public-private partnership, specific to Iran's business environment, have been identified and their priority has been analyzed from the point of view of different stakeholders. By nominal group method, 23 success criteria of Iran's public-private partnership were identified and practical solutions to overcome them were proposed. The results of this research show that the most important success factors of public-private partnership in Iran include the project's profit rate, the employer's experience in project management, how to share risks between the two parties to the contract, and the transparency of the tender. The analysis of the results of the evaluations carried out by the private sector and the public sector in this article shows that there is a big difference between the priorities of the two parties. From the point of view of private sector, the main obstacle to public private participation in Iran is the adherence of executive bodies to contractual obligations. From the point of view of the public sector, the main priority against the development of public-private partnership is ambiguity in the laws and powers of public sector decision-makers. Therefore, it is suggested that by passing special laws for public-private partnership, while providing legal incentives and exemptions for financial support of private investors, efforts should be made to increase transparency in the decision-making process of the public sector.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Project Management
  • Public Private Partnership
  • Project Finance
  • Project Success
  • Construction Contracts

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نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر
دوره 56، شماره 8
1403
صفحه 987-1008

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