بررسی عملکرد مکانیسم‌های تحلیل غیرخطی دینامیکی سیستم سد- مخزن- پی بر اساس سطح آسیب لرزه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

هدف مقاله حاضر بررسی مکانیسم‌های تحلیل آسیب سیستم سد بتنی وزنی- مخزن- پی با بهره‌گیری از روش اجزای محدود (FEM) است. در این راستا مدل دوبعدی سیستم سد- مخزن- پی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آباکوس تحت مؤلفه‌های افقی و قائم شتاب زمین در زمین‌لرزۀ کوینا قرارگرفته است و مدل پلاستیسیته آسیب بتن (CDP) با لحاظ رفتار نرم شدگی و سخت شدگی کرنش جهت مدل‌سازی رفتار مصالح بدنۀ استفاده‌شده است. در این تحقیق چهار مولفه تحلیل عددی برای مقایسه مکانیسم خرابی به کار گرفته شدند که عبارتند از: نوع تحلیل (خطی-غیرخطی)، نوع پی (صلب، جرم دار یا بدون جرم)، تراز ورود نیروی دینامیکی (ترازهای کناری، تحتانی بدنه و تحتانی پی) و جهت ورود بار (افقی، عمودی یا ترکیب این دو) و درنهایت، با کمک مدل‌های مذکور پاسخ دینامیکی غیرخطی سد بتنی وزنی و سطح آسیب لرزه‌ای بدنه در حالات مختلف مورد مقایسه قرارگرفته است. ارزیابی مدل‌ها بر اساس موقعیت اعمال بار ورودی نشان می‌دهد که در دو تحلیل خطی و غیرخطی در نظر گرفتن تراز تحتانی پی برای اعمال بار موجب افزایش آسیب لرزه‌ای نسبت به اعمال بار در تراز سد می شود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل اعمال تحریک پایه در سطح تماس سد با پی در حالت بدون جرم و همچنین اعمال تحریک پایه در تراز پی‌سنگی در حالت پی جرم‌دار می‌تواند منجر به‌پیش بینی دقیق‌تری از پاسخ سازۀ سد در حین زمین‌لرزه گردد. بااین‌وجود، سطح آسیب لرزه‌ای در بدنه بشدت متأثر از چگونگی اعمال شتاب پایه و مکانیسم مدل‌سازی سیستم سد - مخزن - پی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Performance of Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis mechanisms of the Dam-Reservoir-Foundation System based on the Seismic Damage Level

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhoud Kalateh
  • Milad Kheiry ghoujeh biglou
Factuly of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the damage analysis mechanisms of the Dam-Reservoir-Foundation system using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The study focuses on the Koyna dam-reservoir-foundation system, which is a two-dimensional model that has been subjected to the horizontal and vertical components of ground acceleration in the Koyna earthquake using ABAQUS software and the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model. The comparison of models in linear and linear analysis shows that considering the bottom of the foundation for applying the load increases the seismic damage compared to applying the bottom of the dam. The results indicate that applying foundation excitation at the contact surface of the dam foundation in the condition of foundation without mass, as well as applying foundation excitation at the level of the rock foundation in the condition of massed foundation can lead to a more accurate prediction of the response of the structure during an earthquake. However, the level of seismic damage in the dam is greatly affected by how the base excitation is applied and the mechanism of the modeling Dam-Reservoir-Foundation system. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the correct application of base excitation and the modeling mechanism while analyzing the damage analysis of the Dam-Reservoir-Foundation system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Massed foundation
  • seismic Analysis
  • nonlinear dynamic model
  • Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP)
  • base excitation
[1] S. Emami, Y. Choopan, M. Kheiry goje biglo, M. Hesam, Optimal and Economic Water Allocation in Irrigation and Drainage Network Using ICA Algorithm (Case Study: Sofi-Chay Network). Irrigation and Water Engineering, (2020); 10(3): -. DOI:10.22125/iwe.2020.107104 (in Persian)
[2]. K. A. Giglou, M. K. G. Biglou, B. Mehrparvar, A. S. Naghadeh, INVESTIGATING AMOUNT OF LEAKAGE, SEDIMENT AND DURABILITY IN GEOSYNTHETIC COVER OF PUMPING CHANNEL 3 AT IRRIGATION NETWORK OF MOGHAN. Revista Geoaraguaia, 9(2).‏ (2019).
[3]. K. AKHAVAN, N. Abbassi, M. Kheiry Ghoujeh Biglou, H. Ahmadpari, Investigation on Conveyance Efficiency and Operation Issues of Precast Concrete Channels (Canalette) in Moghan Irrigation Network. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 22(83), 21-42.‏ (2021). DOI: 10.22092/idser.2021.354260.1470 (in Persian)
[4]. K. Akhavan, M. Kheiry, H. Ahmadpari, S. Abbasi, F. Kalateh, Investigating virtual water content and physical and economic water productivity indicators in crops (Case study: Moghan irrigation network, Ardabil province). Water and Soil Management and Modelling, (2023). doi: 10.22098/mmws.2023.11899.1186 (in Persian)
[5]. M, Kheiry Ghojeh Biglou, A, Pilpayeh, "Optimization of Height and Length of Ogee-Crested Spillway by Composing Genetic Algorithm and Regression Models (Case Study: Spillway of Balarood Dam)." Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research 20.77 (2020): 39-56.‏ https://doi.org/10.22092/idser.2019.124750.1368. (in Persian)
[6]. M. Kheiry Ghojeh Biglou, A. Pilpayeh, "Effect of geometric specifications of ogee spillway on the volume variation of concrete consumption using genetic algorithm." Revista INGENIERÍA UC 26.2 (2019): 145-153.‏
[7]. F. Kalateh, M, Kheiry Ghoujeh-Biglou, "Probabilistic analysis of seepage in earthen dam using Monte Carlo method and with considering permeability of materials and dam geometry." Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research 23.86 (2022): 133-162. https://doi.org/10.22092/idser.2022.358681.1509 (in Persian)
 [8]. KALATEH, F; KHEIRY, M. A Review of Stochastic Analysis of the Seepage Through Earth Dams with a Focus on the Application of Monte Carlo Simulation. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, (2023), 1-26.‏ DOI: 10.1007/s11831-023-09972-3
[9] O. A. Pekau, Z. Chuhan, F. Lingmin, Seismic fracture analysis of concrete gravity dams. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 20(4), (1991) .335-354.‏
[10] S.S. Bhattacharjee, P. Leger, Seismic cracking and energy dissipation in concrete gravity dams. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 22(11), (1993).  991-1007.‏ https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290221106
[11] O. A. Pekau, F. Lingmin, Z. Chuhan, Seismic fracture of Koyna dam: case study. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 24(1), (1995). 15-33.‏ https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240103
[12] A. Bayraktar, M.E. Kartal, S. Adanur, The effect of concrete slab–rockfill interface behavior on the earthquake performance of a CFR dam, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 46(1) (2011) 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2010.07.001
[13] M.E. Kartal, A. Bayraktar, H.B. Başağa, Seismic failure probability of concrete slab on CFR dams with welded and friction contacts by response surface method, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30(11) (2010) 1383-1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.06.013
[14] H. Nejadfard, Effect of cracking on the response spectrum of arched concrete dams by finite element method, University of Tabriz, Iran, 2012.
[15] J. Hajhoseyni, J. Moradlou, Comparison of Near-Filed and Far-Filed Earthquakes on Nonlinear Response of Concrete Gravity Dams, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 44(77) (2015) 25-38.
[16] A. Løkke, A. K. Chopra, Direct finite element method for nonlinear analysis of semi‐unbounded dam–water–foundation rock systems. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 46(8), (2017). 1267-1285.‏ https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2855
[17] F. Kalateh, A Finite Volume Formulation of Hydrodynamic Pressure in Dam-Reservoir Systems with non-uniform reservoir geometry, IQBQ, 18(3) (2018) 181-194 (in Persian)
[18] F. Kalateh, A. Ghamatloo, Investigation of seismic damage index due to water level changes in reservoir through nonlinear dynamic analysis under Far-Fault and Near-Fault ground motions, Journal of Dam and Hydroelectric Powerplant, 5(19) (2019) 62-74. http://journal.hydropower.org.ir/article-1-301-en.html (in Persian)
[19] B. Nikkhakian, M. Alembagheri, Nonlinear Three-dimensional seismic analysis of concrete gravity dam with varying heigh-to-length ratios, MODARES CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 18(1, f00791) (2018) (in Persian)
[20] M. Alembagheri, H. Behzadnasab, Investigation of Seismic Performance of Concrete Gravity Dams using Pushover Analysis, Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 19(1) (2019) 53-65 (in Persian)
[21] F. Kalateh, A. Gamatlo, Investigation of Sediment in the reservoir on Seismic Damage of Concrete Gravity Dam in the Near-Fault and Far-Fault Ground Motions, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 7(2), (2020),130-150. DOI:10.22065/JSCE.2018.121313.1488 (in Persian)
[22] R. Tarinejad, A. Anvarzadeh Maraghi, A. Bour, Dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dam considering Dam-Reservoir Interaction: Case study of Koyna Dam. Hydrogeology, 7(1), (2022). 53-68. doi: 10.22034/hydro.2022.12899 (in Persian)
[23] N. A. N. Zainab, A. M. Andrew, S. Ragunathan, A. S. N. Amirah, W. H. Tan, W. Faridah, C. C. Mah, Performance of Concrete Gravity Dam with Different Height of Dam and Water Level Under Seismic Loadings. In Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics: Proceedings of SympoSIMM (pp. 661-672). (2021). Springer Singapore.‏
[24] P. N. Biju, G. Joseph, "Influence of Reservoir Level on the Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Gravity Dam." Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering: Select Proceedings of VCDRR Springer Singapore, (2022).‏
[25] M. Haghani, B. N., Neya, M. T., Ahmadi, J. V. Amiri, A new numerical approach in the seismic failure analysis of concrete gravity dams using extended finite element method. Engineering Failure Analysis, 132, (2022). 105835.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105835
[26] S. Ya, Eisenträger, S., Qu, Y., Zhang, J., Kuen, T., Song, C. Seismic analysis of post-tensioned concrete gravity dams using scaled boundary finite elements implemented as ABAQUS UEL. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 164, (2023). 107620.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107620
[27] U. Akpinar, Y. Arici, & B. Binici. Post-earthquake effects on the seismic performance of concrete gravity dams. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, (2023). 1-14.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2023.2180522
[28] M. Sohrabi Gilani, & K. Bazri, Investigating the the effects of valley’s shape on three dimensional dynamic responses of concrete gravity dams. Iranian Dam and Hydroelectric Powerplant. (2021); 8 (29) :64-71 http://journal.hydropower.org.ir/article-1-373-fa.html (in Persian)
[29] M. A. Hariri-Ardebili, S. M. Seyed-Kolbadi, M. R. Kianoush. "FEM-based parametric analysis of a typical gravity dam considering input excitation mechanism." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. (2016): 22-43.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.01.013
[30] M. AlemBagheri, M. Seyedkazemi, Numerical modeling of concrete gravity dams using Abaqus, Simaye Denesh Publication, Iran, (2015) (in Persian)
[31] R. Tarinejad, M. Damadipour, Extended FDD-WT method based on correcting the errors due to non-synchronous sensing of sensors, Mechanical systems and signal processing, 72, (2016), 547-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.10.032
[32] R Tarinejad, S. Pirboudaghi, Dynamic Analysis of Dam-Reservoir Interaction by Euler-Lagrange Approach Using Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) in Radiation Boundary. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, (2014); 44.1(74): 13-24.
[33] M, Ahmadi. A. S. Gharabagi, New method of dynamic interaction analysis of dam and reservoir by Euler-Lagrange method. Book. IIEES. (1993)
[34] A.K. Chopra, "Earthquake behavior of reservoir-dam systems." Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division 94.6 (1968): 1475-1500.‏ https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0001050
[35] M. Pasbani, H. Pirnya, Seismic control of concrete concrete weights by using muscle contraction in the heel. In: 16th Iranian hydraulic conference. (2017). 1-2 (in Persian)
[36] S. A. Oller, continuous damage model for frictional materials, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, (1988).
[37] E. Araghizadeh, R. Tabatabaei Mirhosseini, Effect of Tensile Damage Parameter Reducing in Non-linear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures using Concrete Damage Plasticity Method, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 53(1) (2021) 57-70. DOI:10.22060/CEEJ.2021.19021.7031 (in Persian)
[38] G.V. Berg, W.C, Das, K.V. Ghokhale, A.V. Setlur, The Koyna, India, Earthquakes, Technical report, (1967). https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/4_vol3_J2-44.pdf.
[39] H. Mazighi, M. K. Mihoubi, "Damage of a concrete gravity dam under the effect of the hydrodynamic loads." Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022): 1714-1720.‏
[40] M. Alembagheri, R. Sheikhzadeh Shayan, Seismic performance evaluation of concrete arch-gravity dams using incremental dynamic analysis, Modares Civil Engineering journal, 18(6) (2019), 155-167 (in Persian)
[41] B. El‐Aidi, J.F. Hall, Non‐linear earthquake response of concrete gravity dams part 1: modelling, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 18(6) (1989), 837-851. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290180607
[42] A. Niwa, R.W. Clough, Shaking table research on concrete dam models, University of California, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, (1980).
[43] J. Wilcoski, R.L. Hall, J.B. Gambill, E.E. Matheu, M.R. Chowdhury, Seismic testing of a 1/20 scale model of Koyna dam, ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION, (2001).
[44] Y. Calayir, M. Karaton, A continuum damage concrete model for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dam–reservoir systems, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25(11) (2005), 857-869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.05.003.
[45] S. Zhang, G. Wang, Effects of near-fault and far-fault ground motions on nonlinear dynamic response and seismic damage of concrete gravity dams, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53 (2013) 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.014.
[46] J. Lubliner, J. Oliver, S. Oller, E. Oñate, A plastic-damage model for concrete, International Journal of solids and structures, 25(3) (1989) 299-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(89)90050-4
[47] J. Lee, G.L. Fenves, Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures, Journal of engineering mechanics, 124(8) (1998) 892-900. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:8(892)
[48] S. Zhang, G. Wang, W. Sa, Damage evaluation of concrete gravity dams under mainshock–aftershock seismic sequences, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 50 (2013) 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.021.
[49] A.K. Chopra, P. Chakrabarti, The Koyna earthquake and the damage to Koyna dam, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 63(2) (1973) 381-397. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0630020381
[50] L. Mejia, E. Dawson, Earthquake deconvolution for FLAC, in: 4th International FLAC symposium on numerical modeling in geomechanics, Citeseer, (2006), pp. 04-10.
[51] P.B. Schnabel, SHAKE: A computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites, EERC Report 72-12, University of California, Berkeley, (1972).