ارزیابی ماده فسخ به مصلحت در شرایط عمومی پیمان پروژه‌های ساخت فیدیک، بر اساس قوانین عرفی در سیستم قانون مدنی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

قانون مدنی ایران برداشتی از قانون مدنی مصر است که این قانون نیز خود از قانون مدنی فرانسه و فقه اسلام استخراج شده است، سال‌ها است که در تنظیم قراردادهای پروژه‌های بزرگ ساخت در کشور ایران از شرایط عمومی پیمان استاندارد منتشر شده توسط فدراسیون بین‌المللی مهندسان مشاور (فیدیک) که بر مبنای حقوق عرفی یا سابقه قضائی (کامن لا) استوار است، استفاده می‌شود. این در حالی است که این نوع قراردادها در سیستمی که مبنای تصمیم‌گیری مراجع قضائی در آن قانون مدنی ایران است، با چالش‌های جدی مواجه هستند. بنابراین ضروری است ذی نفعان فعال در پروژه‌های ساخت ایران با تداخلات رویکرد فیدیک در مقابل قانون زمینه مدنی اطلاع کافی داشته باشند. در این مقاله با مقایسه تطبیقی آیین مدنی مصر و ایران (به عنوان دو کشور با سیستم قانونی برگرفته از اسلام) با شرایط عمومی پیمان فیدیک به تداخلات رویکرد رسیدگی قضائی در دو نظام حقوقی مختلف پرداخته شده است. نتیجه این مطالعات ارائه چند پیشنهاد در قانون مدنی ایران و کتاب قرمز فیدیک 1999 (فیدیک ساخت) در خصوص ماده فسخ قرارداد به مصلحت، گردیده است. از آنجایی که در اختلافات قراردادهای ساخت بیشتر به ماده فسخ قرارداد در دادگاه‌ها و مراجع داوری استناد شده است، می‌توان این انتظار را داشت که پیمانکاران با درک بهتر ماده فسخ به مصلحت کارفرما در قراردادهای خود از بروز اختلافات در این زمینه پیشگیری کنند، به علاوه، این مطالعه برای سایر کشورهای خاورمیانه مفید است زیرا بیشتر آن‌ها از قلمروهای قانون مدنی پیروی می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the FIDIC's termination for convenience clause in General Conditions under common law in Iranian civil law system for Construction Contracts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Navid Bagherian Marandi 1
  • Mehdi Ravanshadnia 1
  • Mohammad-R. Akbarzadeh-T 2
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Center of Excellence on Soft Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Iran civil code is based mainly on the Egyptian Civil Law (ECL), which is itself derived from two principal sources like French civil law and Islamic law. On the other hand, the general conditions of contracts published by the Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils or International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), which are based on common law principles and this standard form of contract, have been applied in large construction projects in Iran. Due to Iran's legal system is rooted in civil law, FIDIC forms of contract may face serious challenges. This research, through a comparative method, has analyzed the Egypt Civil Code (ECC) and Iran (as two members of the Islamic legal system) for better decisions in FIDIC-based contracts. Our study offers some strategies for modification of the FIDIC 1999 Red Book [FIDIC (CONS)] and also the Iran Civil Code for construction contracts, which are associated with the termination for convenience clause. Therefore, with a better understanding of the termination for convenience by the employer clause, which has been referred to in many contractual claims in arbitration centers and courts, can be prevented disputes. Moreover, this study is useful for other Middle East countries because most of them follow civil law jurisdictions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Termination for Convenience by the Employer
  • FIDIC (CONS)
  • General Conditions in Construction Contract
  • Common Law
  • Civil Law
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