بررسی عملکرد ملات‌های سرباره و پومیس قلیافعال در برابر نفوذ یون‌های کلراید در محیط خلیج‌فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی عمران و منابع زمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به سابقه موفق به کارگیری ملات­ های قلیافعال در برخی کشورها در سال­ های اخیر و تحقیقات محدود صورت گرفته بر روی دوام این مصالح، در این مقاله به بررسی خصوصیات نفوذپذیری و دوام در برابر نفوذ یون‌های کلراید پرداخته شده است. به منظور بررسی خواص مکانیکی و نفوذپذیری ملات ­های قلیافعال حاوی سرباره کوره آهن‌گدازی و پوزولان طبیعی پومیس در مطالعات آزمایشگاهی از آزمایش‌هایی مانند کارایی، مقاومت فشاری، جذب آب موئینه، جذب آب حجمی، نفوذ یون‌های کلراید در محیط واقعی خلیج فارس و تخلخل ­سنجی به روش تزریق جیوه بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می ­دهد که مقاومت فشاری آزمونه ­های ملات قلیافعال حاوی هیدروکسیدپتاسیم در مقایسه با مقاومت فشاری آزمونه­ های حاوی هیدروکسیدسدیم کمی بیشتر بوده است. ضمناً استفاده از 10 درصد پومیس به جای سرباره باعث افزایش مقاومت فشاری ملات قلیافعال شده است. همچنین مقاومت فشاری 91 روزه آزمونه­ های ملات سرباره قلیافعال عمل آوری شده در آب، 48/4 درصد بیشتر از آزمونه­ های عمل آوری شده در هوا بوده است. به طور کلی ضریب انتشار یون‌های کلراید در ملات­ های قلیافعال کمتر از  ضریب انتشار یون‌های کلراید در ملات سیمان پرتلندی شاهد بوده که این موضوع به دلیل وجود حفرات کمتر در ملات­های قلیافعال و ساختار متراکم­تر ملات­ های قلیافعال در مقایسه با ملات سیمان پرتلندی شاهد بوده است. همچنین ملات قلیافعال حاوی 90 درصد سرباره و 10 درصد پومیس کمترین و ملات سیمان پرتلندی بیشترین ضریب انتشار یون‌های کلراید را از خود نشان داده ­اند که نتایج ضریب جذب آب مویینگی نیز موید این موضوع بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Performance of alkali-activated slag and pumice mortars against chloride ions penetration in the Persian Gulf

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Jafari Nadoushan 1
  • Aliakbar Ramezanianpor 2
1 Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center (CTDRc), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Considering the successful usage of alkali-activated mortars in several countries and limited research on the durability of these materials, in this paper, the permeability and durability of alkali-activated slag and pumice mortar in chloride environments have been studied. To investigate the mechanical properties and permeability of alkali-activated slag and pumice mortars tests such as workability, compressive strength, capillary water absorption, water absorption, chloride ion penetration in the Persian Gulf environment and mercury intrusion porosimetry have been conducted. The results show that the compressive strength of alkali-activated slag mortar containing potassium hydroxide was slightly higher than the compressive strength of samples containing sodium hydroxide. In addition, the use of 10% pumice instead of slag has increased the compressive strength of alkali-activated slag mortar. Also, the 91-day compressive strength of alkali-activated mortars cured in the water was 48.4% higher than those cured in the air. In general, the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in alkali-activated slag mortars was lower than the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in Portland cement mortar, which was due to less porosity in alkali-activated slag mortars and the denser structure. Also, alkali-activated mortars containing 90% of slag and 10% of pumice had the lowest diffusion coefficient of chloride ions and Portland cement mortar showed the highest one, which was well matched with the result of capillary water absorption coefficient.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alkali-activated
  • Slag
  • Pumice
  • Chloride Ions
  • Porosity

مراجع

[1] A.A. Ramezanianpour, T. Parhizkar, A.R. Pourkhorshidi, A.M. Raisghasemi, The effect of environmental conditions on the southern coast of Iran on the long-term durability of concrete with different cements and pozzolans, Building and Housing Research Center, 434 (1996). (In Persian)
[2] K. Audenaert, Q. Yuan, G. De Schutter, On the time dependency of the chloride migration coefficient in concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 24 (2010) 396–402.
[3] C. Shi, Strength, pore structure and permeability of alkali-activated slag mortars, Cement and Concrete Research, 26 (1996) 1789–1799.
[4] M. Ka, D. Hoffmann, L. Molez, Ch. Lanos, Alkali-activated mortars: porosity and capillary absorption, European Journal Of Environmental And Civil Engineering, (2022) 1-15.
[5] D.E.A. Ramirez, W.G. Valencia-Saavedra, R.M. Gutierrez, Alkali-activated concretes based on fly ash and blast furnace slag: Compressive strength, water absorption and chloride permeability, Ingenieriae Investigacion, 40 (2) (2020) 72-80.
[6] Z. Zhang, X. Yao, H. Zhu, Potential application of geopolymers as protection coatings for marine concrete: I. Basic properties, Applied Clay Science, 49 (2010) 1–6.
[7] A.A. Adam, Strength and durability properties of alkali activated slag and fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, PhD thesis, RMIT University, 2009.
[8] E. Rodriguez, S. Bernal, R. Mejia de Gutierrez, F. Puertas, Alternative concrete based on alkali-activated slag, Journal of Materiales de Construcción, 58 (291) (2008) 53–67.
[9] S.A. Bernal, R. Mejia de Gutierrez, A.L. Pedraza, J.L. Provis, E.D. Rodriguez, S. Delvasto, Effect of binder content on the performance of alkali-activated slag concretes, Cement and Concrete Research, 41 (1) (2011) 1-8.
[10] T. Häkkinen, The permeability of high strength blast furnace slag concrete, Nordic Concrete Research, 11 (1) (1992) 55-66.
[11] S. Bernal, R. De Gutierrez, S. Delvasto, E. Rodriguez, Performance of an alkali-activated slag concrete reinforced with steel fibers, Construction and Building Materials, 24 (2) (2010) 208-214.
[12] A.A. Adam, T.C.K. Molyneaux, I. Patnaikuni, D.W. Law, Strength, sorptivity and carbonation of geopolymer concrete, In: Ghafoori, N. (ed.) Challenges, Opportunities and Solutions in Structural Engineering and Construction, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009) 563-568.
[13] F. Alapour, A.A. Ramezanianpour, Feasibility study of production of geopolymer mortars from several supplimentry cement materials, Master Thesis, Amirkabir University of Technology, 2012. (In Persian)
[14] S.A. Bernal, R. Mejia de Gutierrez, V. Rose, J.L. Provis, Effect of silicate modulus and metakaolin incorporation on the carbonation of alkali silicate-activated slags, Cement and Concrete Research, 40 (6)(2010) 898-908.
[15] F. Collins, J. Sanjayan, Unsaturated capillary fl ow within alkali activated slag concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20 (9) (2008) 565-570.
[16] A. Runci, M. Serdar, Effect of curing time on the chloride diffusion of alkali-activated slag, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16 (2022) e00927.
[17] A. Noushini, A. Castel, Performance-based criteria to assess the suitability of geopolymer concrete in marine environments using modified ASTM C1202 and ASTM C1556 methods, Materials and Structures, (2018) 51:146.
[18] J. Fan, H. Zhu, J. Shi, Z. Li, S. Yang, Influence of slag content on the bond strength, chloride penetration resistance, and interface phase evolution of concrete repaired with alkali activated slag/fly ash, Construction and Building Materials, (263) (2020) 208-214.
[19] E. Douglas, A. Bilodeau, V.M. Malhotra, Properties and durability of alkali-activated slag concrete, ACI Mater. J., (89) (5) (1992) 509-516.
[20] G. Fagerlund, On the capillarity of concrete, Nordic Concrete Research, 1 (1982) 1-20.
[21] D. Wimpenny, P. Duxson, T. Cooper, J.L.J. Provis, R., Zeuschner, Fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete products for underground infrastructure, In: Concrete 2011, Perth, Australia. CD-ROM proceedings, Concrete Institute of Australia (2011).
[22] X. Hu, C. Shi, Zh. Shi, L. Zhang, Compressive strength, pore structure and chloride transport properties of alkali-activated slag/fly ash mortars, Cement and Concrete Composites, 104 (2019) 92-119.
[23] D. Hardjito, S.E. Wallah, M.J. Sumajouw, B.V. Rangan, On the Development of Fly Ash- Based Geopolymer Concrete, ACI Material Journal, 101 (6) (2004) 467-472.
[24] A. Nazari, Gh. Khalaj, Sh. Riahi, ANFIS-based prediction of the compressive strength of geopolymers with seeded fly ash and rice husk-bark ash, Neural Computing and Applications, 22 (2013) 689-701.
[25] M. Jafari Nadoushan, P. Dashti, S. Ranjbar, A.A Ramezanianpour, A.M. Ramezanianpour, R.  Banar, RSM-based Optimized Mix Design of Alkali-activated Slag Pastes Based on the Fresh and Hardened Properties and Unit Cost, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 20 (4) (2022) 300-312.
[26] ASTM, 2012. C778, Standard Specification for Standard Sand, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2012).
[27] ASTM C305, Standard Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2012).
[28] ASTM C1437, Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2012).
[29] ASTM C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2012).
[30] BS EN 1881-122, Testing concrete. Method for determination of water absorption, British Standard, (2011).
[31] BS EN 480-5, Admixtures for concrete, mortar, and grout test methods- Part 5: Determination of capillary absorption, British Standard, (2005).
[32] ASTM C1152, Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2012).
[33] H.M. Giasuddin, J.G. Sanjayan, P.G. Ranjith, Strength of geopolymer cured in saline water in ambient conditions, Journal of Fuel, 107 (2013) 34–39.
[34] H. Xu, J.S.J. Van Deventer, The geopolymerisation of aluminosilicate minerals, International Journal of Mineral Processing, (2000) 59-66.
[35] T. Yang, X. Yao, Z. Zhang, Quantification of chloride diffusion in fly ash–slag-based geopolymers by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Construction and Building Materials, 69 (2014) 109–115.
[36] I. Ismail, S.A. Bernal, J.L. Provis, R.S. Nicolas, D.G. Brice, A.R. Kilcullen, S. Hamdan, J.S.J. Van Deventer, Influence of fly ash on the water and chloride permeability of alkali-activated slag mortars and concretes, Construction and Building Materials, 48 (2013) 1187-1201.
[37] R.J. Thomas, E. Ariyachandra, D. Lezama, S. Peethamparan, Comparison of chloride permeability methods for Alkali-Activated concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 165 (2018) 104–111.
نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر
دوره 55، شماره 3
خرداد 1402
صفحه 531-554

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار