تعیین کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی با استفاده از یک سیستم GIS-AHP مبنا و مقایسه آن با دیاگرام ویلکوکس (مطالعه موردی دشت رفسنجان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران.

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران و نقشه برداری، دانشگاه تحصیالت تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران.

3 دانشکده مهندسی نقشه برداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، یاران .

چکیده

تعیین کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی با توجه به ضرورت استفاده از آن‌ها در مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت، یک امر ضروری به شمار می‌رود. دشت رفسنجان به علت وجود باغات پسته یکی از اقتصادی­ترین دشت­های کشور محسوب می­شود. بنابراین مدیریت صحیح و مطالعات دقیق آب­های زیرزمینی در این دشت امری ضروری است. تحقیق حاضر در جهت ارزیابی کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی دشت رفسنجان با کاربرد کشاورزی انجام شده است. در مرحله اول پس از انتخاب پارامترهای ارزیابی کیفیت آب، وزن­دهی به روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) انجام شده و سپس با استفاده از سیستم­ اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی منطقه مورد مطالعه با توجه به طبقه‌بندی کیفیت آب آبیاری دانشگاه کالیفرنیا تعیین شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از پهنه‌بندی نهایی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی، حدود 1/6 درصد از منطقه مورد مطالعه دارای آب‌هایی با کیفیت خیلی خوب، 20 درصد دارای کیفیت متوسط، 52/7 دارای کیفیت نامناسب و 25/7 دارای کیفیت خیلی بدی می‌باشند. همچنین بر اساس تحلیل آماری دیاگرام ویلکوکس، آب 1/5 درصد از چاه­های منطقه دارای کیفیت خوب، 16/2 درصد دارای کیفیت متوسط و 60/2 درصد دارای کیفیت نامناسب می‌باشند. 22/1 درصد از چاه­ها نیز به دلیل کیفیت بسیار بد در دیاگرام جای نمی­گیرند. این پژوهش نشان داد که با به کارگیری یک روش‌ GIS-AHP مبنا، می‌توان این نوع داده را به صورت مکانی تجزیه و تحلیل کرد و نتایج متقن به‌دست آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Groundwater Quality Using a GIS-AHP Based System and Compared with Wilcox Diagram (Case Study: Rafsanjan Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Salehi 1
  • Ali Esmaeily 2
  • Hadi Farhadi 3
1 Ph.D Student of Hydraulic Structure, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Surveying Engineering, Faculty of civil and surveying Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman
3 Ph.D. Student in Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Determining the quality of groundwater is one of the key elements of water usage in drinking, agriculture and industry sectors. Rafsanjan plain is one of the most economical plains in the country due to the existence of pistachio orchards. Therefore, proper management and careful study of groundwater in this plain is an essential need. The present study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality of the Rafsanjan plain with agricultural applications. In the first stage, after selecting the effective parameters for water quality assessment, weighting was performed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and then the groundwater quality of the study area was determined using GIS software and bases on water quality standard provided by the University of California. According to the results of the final zoning of groundwater quality, about 1.6% of the study area has very good quality, 20% has medium quality, 52.7 has poor quality and 25.7 has very poor quality.  In addition, based on the statistical analysis of the Wilcox diagram, 1.5%, 16.2%, and 60.2% of the wells in the study area had good, medium and poor quality, respectively. Moreover, 22.1% of the wells are not included in the diagram due to very poor quality. This research revealed that a GIS-AHP-based method could analyze these kinds of data spatially and consistent results could be obtained.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Determination of Groundwater Quality
  • Rafsanjan Plain
  • Analytical Hierarchy Process
  • Geographical Information System
  • Wilcox Diagram
[1] H. Pour Moghadas, A study of ground water quality in Lenjan township of Isfahan province, Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 1(4) (2003) 31-40. /In Persian
[2] S. Saidi, S. Bouri, H.B. Dhia, B. Anselme, A GIS-based susceptibility indexing method for irrigation and drinking water management planning: Application to Chebba–Mellouleche Aquifer, Tunisia, Agricultural Water Management, 96(12) (2009) 1683-1690.
[3] M. Delbari, M.B. Motlagh, M. Kiani, M. Amiri, Investigating spatio-temporal variability of groundwater quality parameters using geostatistics and GIS, International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(12) (2013) 3623-3632.
[4] D. Karunanidhi, G. Vennila, M. Suresh, S. Subramanian, Evaluation of the groundwater quality feasibility zones for irrigational purposes through GIS in Omalur Taluk, Salem District, South India, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(10) (2013) 7320-7333.
[5] J.M. Peragón, A. Delgado, F.J. Pérez-Latorre, A GIS-based quality assessment model for olive tree irrigation water in southern Spain, Agricultural Water Management, 148 (2015) 232-240.
[6] S.-M. Mortazavi, K. Soleimani, S.A. Hosseini, K. Soleimani, F. Ghaffari- Movafag, The effects of unregulated groundwater abstraction on water quality, a case study in Rafsanjan plain in GIS environment, in:  First International Conference on Water Crisis, Zabol, 2009. /In Persian
[7] R. Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, M. Zareian-Jahromi, S. Mahmoodi, A. Heidari, F. Sarmadian, Investigation of Interpolation Methods to Determine Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Rafsanjan, Iranian Jornal of Watershed Management Science&Engineering, 2(5) (2009) 63-70. /In Persian
[8] Z. Abbas, M.B. Rahnama, B. Etebari, A. Rezaei, Groundwater quality assessment for chlorine changes using MT3DMS mathematical model (Case study: Rafsanjan plain), in:  10th National Seminar on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction, Kerman, 2010. /In Persian
[9] Z. Abbas, M.B. Rahnama, Investigation of the trend of salinity (EC) changes in groundwater by MT3DMS numerical model Case study of Rafsanjan plain, in:  9th Iran Hydraulic Conference, , Tehran, Iran Hydraulic Association, Tarbiat Modares University, 2011. /In Persian
[10] M. Malakootian, J. Momeni, Quality Survey of Drinking Water in Bardsir, Iran 2009-2010, Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 11(4) (2012) 403-410. /In Persian
[11] Z. Abbas, M.B. Rahnama, Modeling and Predicting TDS in Groundwater by Mathematical Model Case Study: Rafsanjan Plain - Kerman, in:  4th Iranian Water Resources Management Conference, Kerman, 2012. /In Persian
[12] S. Ghafouri Fard, M. Amiri, Investigation of spatial-temporal changes in groundwater quality in Rafsanjan plain for agricultural purposes, in:  National Conference on Water and Wastewater Engineering, Kerman, 2013. /In Persian
[13] H. Joghatayi, R. Dabiri, M.E. Moslempour, M. Otari, R. Sharifiyan Attar, Groundwater quality assessment using the Groundwater Quality Index and GIS in Joghatay plain, NE Iran, Human & Environment, 13(4) (2015) 17-25.
[14] A. Hosseini, p. poormohammad, E. yarmohamadi, groundwater quality, electrical conductivity, hydrochemical facies, DASHTEABAS, Iranian Jornal of Watershed Management Science&Engineering, 12(40) (2018) 51-58.
[15] Q. Khan, E. Kalbus, D.M. Alshamsi, M.M. Mohamed, M.U. Liaqat, Hydrochemical Analysis of Groundwater in Remah and Al Khatim Regions, United Arab Emirates, Hydrology, 6(3) (2019) 60.
[16] M.M. Rahaman, B. Thakur, A. Kalra, S. Ahmad, Modeling of GRACE-Derived Groundwater Information in the Colorado River Basin, Hydrology, 6(1) (2019) 19.
[17] L. Doneen, Water quality for Agriculture, Department of Irrigation, University of California, Davis,  (1964) 48.
[18] M. Mahdavi, Applied hydrology, Third ed., University of Tehran, Tehran, 2002. /In Persian
[19] E.R. Jalao, T. Wu, D. Shunk, A stochastic AHP decision making methodology for imprecise preferences, Information Sciences, 270 (2014) 192-203.
[20] R.M. Yunus, Z. Samadi, N.M. Yusop, D. Omar, Expert choice for ranking heritage streets, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101 (2013) 465-475.
[21] A.A. Hasani Pak, Geostatistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 2007. /In Persian
[22] A. Nagaraju, K.S. Kumar, A. Thejaswi, Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation: a case study from Bandalamottu lead mining area, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, South India, Applied Water Science, 4(4) (2014) 385-396.