ارزیابی اثر بخشی الیاف کاه بر روی مشخصات مکانیکی بتن‌های حاوی زئولیت و بنتونیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

چکیده

سیمان یکی از مصالح پرمصرف در صنعت ساخت و ساز است که در هنگام تولید مقدار زیادی گاز دی اکسید کربن در محیط منتشر می‌کند. چالش‌های زیست محیطی پیش ‎‌آمده و کاهش مصرف انرژی و استفاده از مواد خام طبیعی سبب افزایش مطالعه و تحقیق در جهت یافتن جایگزینی مناسب برای سیمان شده است. زئولیت و بنتونیت دارای خواص سیمانی هستند این مواد قابلیت سازگاری با محیط زیست داشته و به راحتی قابل استخراج می‌باشند و همچنین نسبت به سیمان هزینه تولید کمتری دارند. از آن‌ جایی که بتن در کشش ضعیف عمل می‌کند از الیاف کاه که الیافی طبیعی می‌باشد نیز استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش 9 نسبت اختلاط متفاوت با مقدار سیمان kg/m3250 ساخته شده که در آن‌ها درصدهای مختلف بنتونیت و زئولیت جایگزین بخشی از سیمان اولیه شده است و میزان درصد الیاف به صورت 1% و 3% متغیر می‌باشد. پس از ساخت، به مقایسه مقاومت فشاری و مقاومت کششی نمونه‌ها نسبت به نمونه مرجع در سنین 7 و 28 روز پرداخته شده است. سپس دو مخلوط بتن با میزان 6% زئولیت، یک درصد الیاف کاه و میزان بنتونیت‌های 6% و 16% انتخاب شده و آزمایش مقاومت خمش سه نقطه‌ای بر روی تیر‌هایی به ابعاد cm310×10×50  انجام گرفته است. میزان مقاومت خمشی نمونه مرجع در این بخش که حاوی مقدار سیمان kg/m3350 سیمان می‌باشد،MPa  5/37 حاصل شده است. بهترین ترکیب حاوی 6% زئولیت، 6% بنتونیت و یک درصد الیاف کاه بوده که توانسته به 98% مقاومت خمشی نسبت به نمونه مرجع دست یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effectiveness of straw fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete containing zeolite and bentonite

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahrasadat zargar
  • Omid Rezaifar
  • majid gholhaki
semnan university
چکیده [English]

Cement is one of the most widely used materials in the construction industry, which emits large amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment during production. Environmental challenges and the reduction of energy consumption and the use of natural raw materials have led to increased study and research to find a suitable alternative to cement. Zeolite and bentonite have cement properties. These materials are environmentally friendly and can be easily extracted and also have lower production costs than cement. Natural straw fibers are used as the concrete has low tensile strength. In this research, 9 different mixing ratios with the amount of 250 kg / m3 cement were made in which different percentages of bentonite and zeolite replaced part of the original cement and the percentage of fibers varied by 1% and 3%. After fabrication, the compressive strength and tensile strength of the samples compared to the reference sample at 7 and 28 days were compared. Then, two concrete mixtures with 6% zeolite, 1% straw fiber and 6% and 16% bentonites were selected and three-point bending strength test was performed on beams with dimensions of 10 * 10 * 50 cm. The flexural strength of the reference sample containing 350 kg / m3 of cement was 5.37 MPa in this section. It was finally figured out that the optimum composition contains 6% zeolite, 6% bentonite and 1% straw fiber and is able to achieve 98% flexural strength compared to the reference sample.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Zeolite
  • Bentonite
  • Straw fiber
  • Bending strength
  • Global warming potential

مراجع

[1] A. Heath, K. Paine, M. McManus, Minimising the global warming potential of clay based geopolymers, Journal of Cleaner Production, 78 (2014) 75-83.
[2] Y.H. Cheng, K. Hazlinda, A. Mohd Mustafa Al-Bakri, M. Luqman, K. Nizar, Y. Liew, Potential application of kaolin without calcine as greener concrete: a review,  (2011).
[3] M.S. Morsy, S.S. Shebl, Effect of silica fume and metakaoline pozzolana on the performance of blended cement pastes against fire, Ceramics Silikaty, 51(1) (2007) 40.
[4] J. Cejka, H. Van Bekkum, A. Corma, F. Schueth, Introduction to zeolite molecular sieves, Elsevier, 2007.
[5] T. Perraki, G. Kakali, F. Kontoleon, The effect of natural zeolites on the early hydration of Portland cement, Microporous and mesoporous materials, 61(1-3) (2003) 205-212.
[6] B. Ahmadi, M. Shekarchi, Use of natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material, Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(2) (2010) 134-141.
[7] M. Shekarchi, B. Ahmadi, M. Najimi, Use of natural zeolite as pozzolanic material in cement and concrete composites,  (2012).
[8] B.B. Raggiotti, M.J. Positieri, Á. Oshiro, Natural zeolite, a pozzolan for structural concrete, Procedia Structural Integrity, 11 (2018) 36-43.
[9] T. Perraki, E. Kontori, S. Tsivilis, G. Kakali, The effect of zeolite on the properties and hydration of blended cements, Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(2) (2010) 128-133.
[10] S.A. Abdul-Wahab, E.M. Hassan, K.S. Al-Jabri, K. Yetilmezsoy, Utilizing zeolite/kaolin combination for partial cement clinker replacement to manufacture environmentally sustainable cement in Oman,  (2019).
[11] O. Rezaifar, M. Hasanzadeh, M. Gholhaki, Concrete made with hybrid blends of crumb rubber and metakaolin: optimization using response surface method, Construction and building materials, 123 (2016) 59-68.
[12] C. Bilim, Properties of cement mortars containing clinoptilolite as a supplementary cementitious material, Construction and Building Materials, 25(8) (2011) 3175-3180.
[13] M. Sharbatdar, M. Oruei, Improved compressive, tensile and flexural strength of unreinforced concrete specimens and reinforced concrete beams containing zeolite, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tabriz, 48.4 (93) (2019) 103-113. (in persian)
 [14] F. Jokar, M. Khorram, G. Karimi, N. Hataf, Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of crumbed rubber concrete containing natural zeolite, Construction and Building Materials, 208 (2019) 651-658.
[15] A. Terzić, L. Pezo, N. Mijatović, J. Stojanović, M. Kragović, L. Miličić, L. Andrić, The effect of alternations in mineral additives (zeolite, bentonite, fly ash) on physico-chemical behavior of Portland cement based binders, Construction and Building Materials, 180 (2018) 199-210.
[16] M. Nehdi, Clay in cement-based materials: Critical overview of state-of-the-art, Construction and Building Materials, 51 (2014) 372-382.
[17] M. Shabab, K. Shahzada, B. Gencturk, M. Ashraf, M. Fahad, Synergistic effect of fly ash and bentonite as partial replacement of cement in mass concrete, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(5) (2016) 1987-1995.
[18] M. Karthikeyan, P.R. Ramachandran, A. Nandhini, R. Vinodha, Application on partial substitute of cement by bentonite in concrete, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 8(11) (2015) 384-388.
[19] G.V.K. Reddy, V.R. Rao, M.A.K. Reddy, Experimental investigation of strength parameters of cement and concrete by partial replacement of cement with Indian calcium bentonite, Technology, 8(1) (2017) 512-518.
[20] S.A. Memon, R. Arsalan, S. Khan, T.Y. Lo, Utilization of Pakistani bentonite as partial replacement of cement in concrete, Construction and building materials, 30 (2012) 237-242.
[21] B. Belhadj, M. Bederina, Z. Makhloufi, R. Dheilly, N. Montrelay, M. Quéneudéc, Contribution to the development of a sand concrete lightened by the addition of barley straws, Construction and Building Materials, 113 (2016) 513-522.
[22] A. Petrella, D. Spasiano, S. Liuzzi, U. Ayr, P. Cosma, V. Rizzi, M. Petrella, R. Di Mundo, Use of cellulose fibers from wheat straw for sustainable cement mortars, Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 8(3) (2019) 161-179.
[23] I. Merta, E. Tschegg, Fracture energy of natural fibre reinforced concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 40 (2013) 991-997.
[24] A. Qudoos, H.G. Kim, J.-S. Ryou, Effect of mechanical processing on the pozzolanic efficiency and the microstructure development of wheat straw ash blended cement composites, Construction and Building Materials, 193 (2018) 481-490.
[25] R.A. Khushnood, S.A. Rizwan, S.A. Memon, J.-M. Tulliani, G.A. Ferro, Experimental investigation on use of wheat straw ash and bentonite in self-compacting cementitious system, Advances in materials science and engineering, 2014 (2014).
[26] G. Wang, Y. Han, Research on the Performance of Straw Fiber Concrete, in:  IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, pp. 032080.
[27] F. Abdolshah, O. Rezaifar, M. Gholhaki, Study of changes in mechanical properties of concrete containing bentonite and zeolite in cement replacement, Journal of Civil Engineering Amirkabir, (2020). (in parsian)
 [28] C. ASTM, Standard specification for concrete aggregates, Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials,  (2003).
[29] A. Standard, C143 (2015) Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken.
[30] C. ASTM, C31M (2003) Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the field, West Conshohocken, PA.
[31] A. Standard, Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, ASTM C39,  (2010).
[32] A. Standard, C496/C496 M− 11, 2011, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,  (2011).
[33] ASTM, Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with center-point loading),  (2015).
[34] A. Standard, C138: Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air-Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,  (2013).
[35] Kh. Ebrahim, M. Nozar, Experimental study of the effect of nanoclay and fly ash on compressive strength of cement sand mortar. (in persian)
 [36] F. Ataie, Influence of rice straw fibers on concrete strength and drying shrinkage, Sustainability, 10(7) (2018) 2445.
[37] D. Lima-Guerra, I. Mello, R. Resende, R. Silva, Use of bentonite and organobentonite as alternatives of partial substitution of cement in concrete manufacturing, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 8(1) (2014) 15-26.
[38] M. Bederina, B. Belhadj, M. Ammari, A. Gouilleux, Z. Makhloufi, N. Montrelay, M. Quéneudéc, Improvement of the properties of a sand concrete containing barley straws–treatment of the barley straws, Construction and Building Materials, 115 (2016) 464-477.
[39] M. Bazrafkan, Laboratory study of the effect of using wheat straw on compressive strength, psychological strength and toughness of paving roller concrete mix, Concrete Research, 10 (1) (2017) 47-62.
 [40] A. Committee, I.O.f. Standardization, Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-08) and commentary, in, American Concrete Institute, 2008.
[41] A.C.I. Committee, ACI 209.2 R-08: Guide for Modeling and Calculating Shrinkage and Creep in Hardened Concrete, in, American Concrete Institute Committee, 2008.
[42] M. CEB-FIP, 90, Design of concrete structures. CEB-FIP Model Code 1990, British Standard Institution, London,  (1993).
نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر
دوره 54، شماره 3
خرداد 1401
صفحه 811-830

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار