مقایسه تحلیلی تحولات نگرش به مدیریت یکپارچه آب و فاضلاب شهری در برنامه‌های توسعه ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران - مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیطزیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

3 استاد دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از مقاله حاضر، مقایسه تحلیلی تحولات نگرش به مدیریت یکپارچه آب و فاضلاب شهری در برنامه‌های توسعه ایران (قبل و بعد از انقلاب اسلامی) است. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق حاکی از وجود چهار دوره در تحولات نگرش به این موضوع در کشور است. دوره اول با هدف آغاز رسمی تفکر برنامه‌ریزی شکل گرفته است. دوره دوم نیز که تا قبل از انقلاب اسلامی به طول انجامید، نظام برنامه‌ریزی در کشور پس از کسب تجربه، با تحولی شگرف روبرو شده و مباحثی از جمله پوشش کشوری شبکه فاضلاب، تامین آب قابل اطمینان و تعیین حداقل نرخ آب، برای نخستین بار در برنامه‌های توسعه کشور بیان گردید. در سال‌های انتهایی این دوره، برنامه‌ریزی در کشور به بلوغ رسیده و به جز بحث تصفیه آب، سایر بخش‌ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. دوره سوم نیز در پی وقوع انقلاب اسلامی و با بازنگری در قانون اساسی شکل گرفت. دوره‌ای که در ابتدا بدون پشتوانه سیاست‌های کلان و پس از اواسط دهه هشتاد، با تدوین و ابلاغ سیاست‌های کلان در کشور، موجب شکل‌گیری دوران تعالی به رویکرد مدیریت یکپارچه آب و فاضلاب شهری در نظام برنامه‌ریزی و ایجاد یک نقشه راه کلان در کشور شد. دوره چهارم تحولات نگرش نیز همزمان با آغاز گام دوم انقلاب شروع شده و تا سال 1444 به طول خواهد انجامید. در این دوره "الگوی اسلامی ایرانی پیشرفت" به عنوان چارچوب بالادستی سیاست‌های کلی و قوانین برنامه‌ای کشور، می‌تواند در ایجاد رویکرد مدیریت یکپارچه آب و فاضلاب شهری در برنامه‌های توسعه آتی، نقشی به سزا ایفا نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical Comparison of Attitude Change to Integrated Management of Urban Water/Wastewater in the Development Plans of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ebrahim Nazlabadi 1
  • Reza Maknoon 2
  • Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam 3
1 Ph.D student of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
2 Associated professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
3 Proffesor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this study is an analytical comparison of attitude change to integrated management of urban water/wastewater in the development plans of Iran before and after the Islamic Revolution. The results indicate that there are four periods of changes in attitude towards this issue in Iran. The first period was initiated to launch planning thinking. In the second period, which lasted till before the Islamic Revolution, the planning system in Iran, after gaining experience, has undergone a dramatic change and some issues such as national coverage of the wastewater collection system, reliable water supply and minimum price of water, were mentioned in the development plans for the first time. In the end years of this period, planning in Iran was matured and all aspects of integrated management except water treatment had been considered. The third period came simultaneously with the revision of the constitution of Iran after the revolution. In this period, supported by macro policies after the mid-2000s, a period of excellence in the approach of integrated management of urban water and wastewater was created. Also, a macro roadmap in the planning system of Iran was developed. The fourth period of attitude changes began with the beginning of the second step of the revolution and will last until 2065. In this period, the "Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress", as an upstream framework of the macro policies and development plans, have a significant role in establishing an integrated urban water and wastewater management approach in future development plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attitude Change
  • Integrated Management
  • Urban Water and Wastewater
  • Development Plans
  • Iran
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