برآورد حداقل تراز اکولوژیکی تالاب قوریگل با استفاده از مدل برنامه‌ریزی چندهدفه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای ریاضی کاربردی، دانشکده‌ی علوم ریاضی ،دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار گروه ریاضی کاربردی، دانشکده‌ی علوم ریاضی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

برآورد تراز اکولوژیکی پیکره های آبی برای محافظت از اکوسیستم‌های آبی بسیار مهم بوده و یکی از موضوعات اساسی در برنامه‌ریزی بهره برداری از منابع آب، تلقی می‌شود. در دهه‌های گذشته روش‌های زیادی برای برآورد حداقل جریان زیست محیطی در رودخانه‌ها و حداقل تراز اکولوژیکی در دریاچه‌ها و تالاب‌ها ارائه شده است. در این پژوهش، برای تعیین حداقل تراز اکولوژیکی تالاب قوریگل، مدل برنامه‌ریزی چندهدفه، به‌کار گرفته شده است. مدل ارائه شده دارای دو تابع هدف با دو شاخص آبی و زیست بومی بوده که تراز سطح آب تالاب به عنوان شاخص آبی و تعداد سه گونه از اردک‌های مهم موجود در تالاب به عنوان شاخص زیست بوم انتخاب شده اند. اولین تابع هدف، کمینه‌کردن شاخص ترازآب تالاب را برعهده دارد به طوری‌که آب بیشتری برای رفع نیاز بشری تامین شود، در حالیکه دومین تابع هدف، بیشینه‌کردن شاخص زیست‌بوم را تضمین می‌نماید، تا زیستگاه‌های بیشتری برای سه گونه اردک مهم تالاب فراهم شود. بنابراین هدف این مدل، فراهم نمودن شرایط، برای بیشترین سطح زیست‌بوم با کمترین مقدار آب است. این مدل برنامه ریزی چندهدفه، با استفاده از داده‌های مربوط به شاخص آب از جمله تراز آب، حجم ذخیره شده آب و مساحت سطح آب تالاب طی سال‌های 1382 تا 1396 و همچنین شاخص زیست‌بوم شامل تعداد سالیانه‌ی سه گونه‌ی مهم اردک‌های تالاب از سال‌های 1387 تا 1396 ، تهیه گردید. برای حل این مدل برنامه‌ریزی چندهدفه، از بین روش‌های گوناگون، از روش‌های مجموع وزنی استفاده شده و آزمون بنسون برای راستی آزمایی نتایج حاصله از مدل برای حالتی که تعداد اردک سرسفید به عنوان شاخص زیست بومی انتخاب شده است به کار رفته است. نتایج حاصل از مدل برنامه‌ریزی چند هدفه نشان داد که حداقل تراز اکولوژیکی تالاب قوریگل حدود 1912/6 متر می‌باشد که در این صورت، حداقل حجم ذخیره‌ی اکولوژیکی تالاب حدود 503000 متر مکعب برآورد می‌شود. حداقل تراز اکولوژیکی برآورد شده بیانگر کاهش قابل توجه عملکرد زیست بومی تالاب و مهاجرت پذیری آن در تراز آب کمتر از1912/6 متر می‌باشد که این مهم با شرایط زیست بومی مشاهده شده در دهه‌های اخیر این تالاب مطابقت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Minimum Ecological Water Level of GooriGol Wetland Using a Multi Objective Programming Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahman Eskandari 1
  • Javad Parsa 2
  • Rashed Khanjani Shiraz 3
1 Ph.D. student of applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematic Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Tabriz University
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Mathematic Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Estimation of the ecological level of water bodies is crucial to protect aquatic ecosystems and has become a major issue in sustainable water resources planning. In recent decades, several methods are utilized to estimate the minimum ecological flow in rivers and the minimum ecological level in lakes and wetlands. In this research, a multi-objective programming model is used to determine the ecological level of the GooriGol wetland. The proposed model has two objective functions with two indices of water and ecosystem indicators. The wetland water level has been selected as a water index and three species of important ducks of the wetland have been chosen as the ecosystem indices. The first objective function is to minimize the wetland water level, so that more water is provided to meet the needs of human societies, while the second objective function ensures the maximum ecosystem indices, so that more habitats are provided for aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this model is to provide circumstances for the largest ecological services with the least amount of water. The used data in the multi-objective programming model are the storage water volume, wetland surface water area and water levels from 2003 to 2017 and the number of three important species of ducks from 2003 to 2017 as well. In order to solve this multi-objective optimization model, the sum of weighting technique is used and Benson method is used to verify the obtained results for situation in which white-head duck is chosen as the ecosystem indicator. The results indicated that the minimum ecological water level of GooriGol wetland is 1912.6 meter and the corresponding water storage volume of wetland is 503000 cubic meters. The field observations during the recent decade are in agreement with the obtained result of this research and indicates the decreasing the water level from 1912.6 m causes considerable declining in the ecological performance of the wetland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Minimum ecological water level
  • Multi-objective programming model
  • Break point
  • GooriGol wetland
  • Ecosystem
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