Numerical modeling and optimization of rock layers arrangement to reduce the effect of surface impact loading on underground spaces

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Faculty Member of Passive Defense, Malek ashtar University of Technology

2 Faculty of Passive Defense, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran.

3 Faculty Member of Passive Defense, Malek Ashtar University of Technology

Abstract

Today, the use of buried spaces to protect sensitive facilities and equipment is not hidden from anyone. Buried safe spaces, especially tunnels, are used to create warehouses, maintain defense and military equipment, and also store some special materials and equipment. In addition, it is common to use these spaces as tunnels for urban services such as water transmission lines, telecommunications, energy, etc. Ensuring the security of these spaces against surface loads is one of the most important things in their construction and design. Buried spaces are exposed to various loadings, one of which is surface impact loading caused by explosion. In this article, impact loading in buried environments is numerically modeled using the Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method in the ABAQUS software environment. For this purpose, using single-layer, double-layer and three-layer stone arrangement, the maximum pressure caused by impact load has been investigated in different models. According to the simulation results in this research, the highest amount of shock wave damping was obtained when the rock layer with the highest degree of weathering (porous rock) is located in the closest position to the buried space. Based on this, the safe depth of the modeled buried space was found to be about 12 meters for weak or porous rock, about 14 meters for medium rock, and about 18 meters for strong or pristine rock. Also, based on the results, the amount of transfer stress from weak rock to strong rock increases and the amount of stress from strong rock to weak rock decreases.

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Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 04 August 2025

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