Numerical Simulation of Pile Group Behavior by Proposed Optimum Mix Design of Plastic Concrete

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Msc of Sea Structures, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Iran

2 Faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Bojnourd, Iran

3 Msc of structural Engineering, Montazeri College of Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Plastic concrete is a type of concrete that usually has high ductility and low permeability and it can be used in the construction of tangential piles in excavations that have a high groundwater level. In many cases, the project conditions for using plastic concrete with a proper mixing plan are not considered. The aim of this research is to present the optimal mixing plan in terms of mechanical and economic characteristics for plastic concrete piles. For this purpose, five different mix designs were considered for plastic concrete and the properties were evaluated. Finally, the group of tangential piles, including structural and plastic concrete piles with strut, was simulated in the vicinity of the deep excavation and the deformation and flow rate passing through the excavation wall were investigated. In the two-dimensional simulation, it is not possible to consider the characteristics of the plastic concrete pile in the modeling plane and check the deformation of the excavation wall between struts. For this reason, the simulation was done three-dimensionally. Results showed that if the groundwater level is kept constant, water infiltration into the project area is very low due to the very low permeability of plastic concrete piles and the subsidence and deformation created at the top of the piles as well as the swelling of the excavation bed is less than when the groundwater level is lowered. Also, by increasing the permeability of plastic concrete piles and soil, the flow rate through the excavation wall increases.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] M.A. Fadaie, M. Nekooei, P. Javadi, Effect of Dry and Saturated Bentonite on Plastic Concrete, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23 (2019) 3431-3442.
[2] F. Jafarzadeh, S.H. Mousavi, Effect of Specimen’s Age on Mechanical Properties of Plastic Concrete Walls in Dam Foundations, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17 (2012) 473-482.
[3] Y. Pashang Pisheh, M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini, Laboratory Study on the Cyclic and Postcyclic Behavior of Plastic Concrete Used in Cutoff Walls of Embankment Dams, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 32(5) (2020) 1-15.
[4] S. Hinchberger, J. Weck, T. Newson, Mechanical and hydraulic characterization of plastic concrete for seepage cut-off walls, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47 (2010) 461-471.
[5] A. Pashazadeh, M. Chekaniazar, Estimating an Appropriate Plastic Concrete Mixing Design for Cutoff Walls to Control Leakage under the Earth Dam, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(9) (2011) 1295-1299.
[6] M. Heidarzadeh, A.A. Mirghasemi, H. Niroomand, F. Eslamin, Construction and performance of the Karkheh dam complementary cut-of wall: an innovative engineering solution, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 17 (2019) 859-869.
[7] A. Ostovarzijerdi, A. Ghanbari, M. Karkon, Investigating the Behavior of the Plastic Concrete Made with Different Types of Fibers with an Approach to the Mixing Plans of Plastic Concrete, Civil Engineering Journal, 5 (2019) 227-245.
[8] M. Pasbani Khiavi, M. Ali Ghorbani, Effects of Micro Silica on Permeability of Plastic Concrete, Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 4 (2014) 372-375.
[9] S. Kazemian, S. Ghareh, Effects of Cement, Different Bentonite, and Aggregates on Plastic Concrete in Besh-Ghardash Dam, Iran, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 45., (2017) 242-248 .
[10] S. Farajzadehha, R. Ziaei Moayed, M. Mahdikhani, Comparative study on uniaxial and triaxial strength of plastic concrete containing nano silica, Construction and Building Materials, 244 (2020) 1-9.
[11] Y. Pashang Pisheh, M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini, Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of Plastic Concrete in Cutoff Walls Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 31(1) (2019) 1-12.
[12] J.L. Ostrowsky, A new approach for evaluating the ductility, volumetric stiffness and permeability of cut-off wall backfi ll materials, Journal of the Deep Foundations of civil and enviromental engineering, 11 (2018) 109-113.
[13] P. Zhang, Q. Guan, Q. Li, Mechanical Properties of Plastic Concrete Containing Bentonite, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5 (2013) 1317-1322.
[14] H. Abbaslou, A.R. Ghanizadeh, A. Tavana Amlashi, The compatibility of bentonite/sepiolite plastic concrete cut-off wall material, Construction and Building Materials, 124 (2016) 1165-1173
[15] M. Naderi, Effects of different constituent materials on the properties  of plastic concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 3 (2005) 10-19.
[16] ICOLD, “Filling Materials for Watertight Cutoff Walls, in:  International Committee on Large Dams, Paris, 1985.
[17] F. Wang, K. Li, Y. Liu, Optimal water-cement ratio of cement-stabilized soil, Construction and Building Materials, 320 (2022).
[18] R. Alipour, A.A. Heshmati, J. Karimiazar, N. Esazadefar, E. Asghari-Kaljahi, S.H. Bahmani, Resistance and swelling of Tabriz marl soils stabilised using nano-silica and nano-alumina, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,  (2022)
[19] Y. Cai, B.X. Tu, J. Yu, Y. Zhu, J. Zhou, Numerical Simulation Study on Lateral Displacement of Pile Foundation and Construction Process under Stacking Loads, Complexity of Construction Mega Infrastructure Project, 1(1-17) (2018).
[20] M. Jesmani, I. Mehdipour, A. Ajamai, Comparison between 2d and 3d behavior of sheet piles by finite element method, Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering, 28 (2011) 1-14.
[21] L. Hazzar, M.N. Hussien, M. Karray, Two-dimensional modelling evaluation of laterally loaded piles based on three-dimensional analyses, Geomechanics and Geoengineering,  (2019) 1-18.
[22] A.F. Elhakim, M. El Khouly, R. Awad, Three dimensional modeling of laterally loaded pile groups resting in sand, Housing and Building National Research Center, 12(1) (2014) 78-87.
[23] M.R. Kahyaoğlu, G. Imancli, A.U. Öztürk, A.S. Kayalar, Computational 3D finite element analyses of model passive piles, Computational Materials Science, 46 (2009) 193-202.
[24] A. Ercan, Behavior of pile groups under lateral loads, Middle east technical university, 2010.
[25] R. Zhang, A. Teck Chee Goh, W. Zhang, 3D numerical analysis of passive pile groups adjacent to deep braced excavation in soft clay, International Journal of Civil Infrastructure, 3 (2020) 7-14.
[26] M. Sadeghi Moghadam, A. Zad, M. Yazdi, Performance of T-Shaped and conventional Cement-Soil deep mixing piles to stabilize soft base of High-Speed trains, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,  (2022) 1-15.
[27] M.T. El-Nimr, A. Basha, M.M. Abo-Raya, M.H. Zakaria, Structural behavior of small-scale reinforced concrete secant pile wall, World Journal of Engineering, 11 (2022) 21-29.
[28] M. Ramadan, M. Meguid, Behavior of Cantilever Secant Pile Wall Supporting Excavation in Sandy Soil Considering Pile-Pile Interaction, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(12) (2020) 1-13.
[29] A. Mahesh, S. Kumar, Effect of Diameter of Secant Pile Wall in Deep Excavation Analysis, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 7(6) (2019) 871-876.
[30] ASTM, Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression, in, ASTM International, 2002.
[31] ASTM, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, in, ASTM International, 2004.
[32] K.H. Head, R. Epps, Manual of soil laboratory testing, Pentech Press, 1(2) (1986)
[33] ASTM, Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, in, ASTM International, 2000.
[34] M. Soroush, A. Mojtahedi, An Overview of Design and Implementation of Plastic Concrete Cutoff Walls in Dams’ Foundation, in: Proceedings of Specialized and Workshop Articles of Special Issues of Designing Dams and Its Related Organizations, Isfahan University of Technology, 2002.
[35] J. He, M. Tang, R. Gao, H. Hu, J. Hong, Damage – Permeability analysis of pretensioned spun high strength concrete pipe piles based on stochastic damage model, Engineering Failure Analysis, 140 (2022)
[36] R.J. Torrent, R.D. Neves, K. Imamoto, Concrete Permeability and Durability Performance, From Theory to Field Applications, Routeledge, 2022.
[37] C. Wiggan, D. Richards, W. Powrie, Numerical modelling of groundwater flow around contiguous pile retaining walls, in:  18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013, 2013.
[38] C. Wiggan, D. Richards, W. Powrie, Seepage and pore pressures around contiguous pile retaining walls, Géotechnique, 66(7) (2016) 10-10.
Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 12
March 2023
Pages 4789-4808

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics