Experimental investigation of flexural behavior of beams made of fibrous concrete containing natural and recycled aggregates

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Civil, engineering, lorestan university, khorramabad, iran

2 M.Sc., Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

Abstract

Given that one of the most concrete and concrete construction materials with suitable compressive strength, ductility, tensile and flexural strength is low. For this purpose, in the past few years, adding fiber to fiber-reinforced concrete and concrete construction has greatly improved the weaknesses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different fibers on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made with natural and recycled aggregates. In this research, 12 samples of reinforced concrete beams in two groups (6 beams made of natural aggregate and 6 beams made of recycled aggregate) were made in real scale with dimensions of 150×50×20 centimeters, which The reinforcement details of all the beams were the same and three types of steel fibers, polypropylene and Kortta were used separately and hybrid in the construction of the beams. Four-point flexural strength test was performed on the samples. Fracture mode, fracture behavior as well as absorbed energy parameters, ductility and final load capacity of beams made with natural and recycled aggregates were investigated. The results showed that the addition of hybrid fibers had a greater effect on improving the above parameters than separate fibers and also, the flexural behavior of recycled samples with hybrid fibers could be closer to natural samples with separate fibers.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Altun F., Haktanir T., Ari K., Effects of steel fiber addition on mechanical properties of concrete and RC beams, Construction Building and Materials 21 (1) (2007) 654–661.
[2] Gao J., Sun W. and Morino K., Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced, High Strength, Lightweight Concrete, Cement and Concrete Composite, 19 (1997) 307–313.
[3] Marar K., Eren Ö. and Yitmena I., Compression Specific Toughness of Normal Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (NSSFRC) and High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HSSFRC), Materials Research, 14 (2011) 239-247.
[4] Song S., Wu C. and Hwang S., Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 18 (2004) 669-673.
[5] Eren Ö. and Çelik T, Effect of Silica Fume and Steel Fibers on Some Properties of High-Strength Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 11 (1997) 373-382.
[6] Yazici S., Inan G. and Tabak V., Effect of Aspect Ratio and Volume Fraction of Steel Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of SFRC, Construction and Building Materials, 21 (2007) 1250-1253.
[7] Tanoli W., Naseer A. and Wahab F., Effect of Steel Fibers on Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete, International Journal of Advanced Structures and Geotechnical Engineering, 3 (2014).  
[8] Ahmed Tareq Noamana, Abu Bakar B.H. and Hazizan Md. Akil., Effect of curmb rubber aggregate on toughness and impact energy of steel fiber concrete, PhD of engineering, Civil Eengineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, (2016).
[9] Swamy R.N., Al-Taan S.A., Deformation and ultimate strength in flexure of reinforced concrete beams made with steel fiber concrete, ACI J. Proc. 78 (5) (1981) 395–405.
[10] Yoo, D.Y.; Banthia, N.; Yang, J.M.; Yoon, Y.S., Size effect in normal- and high-strength amorphous metallic and steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. Construction Building and Materials, 121 (2016) 676–685.
 [11] Caggiano, A. Cremona, M. Faella, C. Lima, C. Martinelli, E., Fracture behavior of concrete beams reinforced with mixed long/short steel fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 37 (2012) 832–840.
[12] Hosseini, A. Mostofinejad, D. Hajialilue-bonab, M., Displacement and strain field measurement in steel and RC beams using particle image velocimetry, Engineering Mechanics, 4 (2012) 1–10.
[13] ACI Committee 544, Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (ACI 544.1R-96- Reapproved 2009), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, (1996) 66.
[14] Abdui-Ahad R.B., Aziz O. Q., Flexural strength of reinforced concrete T-beams with steel fibers, Cement Concrete Composite, 21(1) (1999) 263–268.
[15] Altun F., Haktanir T., Ari K., Effects of steel fiber addition on mechanical properties of concrete and RC beams, Construction and Building Materials, 21 (1) (2007) 654–661.
[16] Fatih Altun, Bekir Aktaş, Investigation of reinforced concrete beams behavior of steel fiber added lightweight concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 38(1) (2013) 575–581.
 [17] Soon Poh Yap, Johnson Alengaram U., Kim Hung Mo, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, Ductility behaviours of oil palm shell steel fibre-reinforced concrete beams under flexural loading, European Journal Environent Civil Engineering, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1320234, (2017), (In Press).
[18] Narayanan R., Darwish I.Y.S., Use of steel fibers as shear reinforcement, ACI Struct. J., 84(3) (1987) 1125–1132.
[19] Qian C., Parnaikuni I., Properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams in bending, Cement Concrete Composite, 21(1) (1999) 73–81.
[20] Jodeiri A. and Quitalig R., Effect of Steel Fibre on Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beam,‖ Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 2 (2012) 100-107.
[21] Fatih A., Tefaruk H. and Kamura A., Effects of Steel Fiber Addition on Mechanical Properties of Concrete and RC Beams, Construction and Building Materials, 21 (2005) 654–661.
[22] Marar K., Eren Ö. and Celik T., Relationship between Impact Energy and Compression Toughness Energy of High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, Materials Letters, 47 (2001) 297-304.
[23] Arivalagan S., Earthquake-Resistant Performance of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams, Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2 (01) (2012) 63-67.
[24] Nahhas M.T., Flexural behavior and ductility of reinforced lightweight concrete beams with polypropylene fiber, J. Constr. Eng. Manag., 1(1) (2013) 4–10.
[25] Jeffery R. Roesler, Salah A. Altoubat, David A. Lange, Klaus-Alexander Rieder, R. Gregory, Effect of synthetic fibers on structural behavior of concrete slabs-on ground, Mater. J., 103(1) (2006) 3–10.
[26] Zhihong Z.D.F., Feldman Dorel, Synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete, Progr. Polym. Sci., 20 (1995) 185–210.
[27] Won J.P., Lim D.H., Park C.G., Bond behaviour and flexural performance of structural synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete, Mag. Concr. Res., 58(6) (2006) 401–410.
[28] Trottier J.F., Mahoney M., Forgeron D., Can synthetic fibers replace welded-wire fabric in slabs on ground, Concr. Int., (2002) 59–68.
[29] Mahoney M., Structural synthetic fibres for precast and slab-on-grade construction, Construction Canada, 3 (2005).
[30] Jiabiao J., Steven Loh, Toh Gasho, Synthetic structure fibers for toughness and crack control of concrete, Singapore, 29th Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures, 8 (2004) 25–26.
[31] di Prisco, Plizzari M., Vandewalle G., L., Fiber reinforced concrete: new design perspectives, Materials and Structures, 42(9) (2009) 1261–81.
[32] Afroughsabet, V., High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: a review, materials science, 51 (2016) 6517–6551.
[33] Byung, H. Ji, C. Young, C., Fracture behavior of concrete members reinforced with structural synthetic fibers, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 74 (2007) 243–257.
[34] Bencardino, F. Rizzuti, L. Spadea, G. Swamy, R., Experimental evaluation of fiber reinforced concrete fracture properties. Composites Part B: Engineering, 41 (2010) 17–24.
[35] Caggiano, A. Cremona, M. Faella, C. Lima, C. Martinelli, E., Fracture behavior of concrete beams reinforced with mixed long/short steel fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 37 (2012) 832–840.
[36] Alberti, M. Enfedaque, A. Gálvez, J., Fracture mechanics of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete: Study of the influence of the concrete properties, casting procedures, the fiber length and specimen size, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 154 (2016) 225–244.
[37] Hosseini, A. Mostofinejad, D. Hajialilue-bonab, M., Displacement and strain field measurement in steel and RC beams using particle image velocimetry, Engineering Mechanics, 4 (2012) 1–10.
[38] UNI 11039-2, Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete - Part2: Test Method for Determination of First Crack Strength and Ductility Indexes, (2003).
[39] EN 12390-3, Testing Hardened Concrete—Part3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, (2009).
[40] Meda A., Minelli F., Plizzari G.A., Flexural behavior of RC beams in fiber reinforced concrete, Composite B Engineering, 43 (2012) 2930–2937.
[41] Soutsos M.N., Le T.T., Lampropoulos A.P., Flexural performance of fiber reinforced concrete made with steel and synthetic fibers, Construction and Building Materials, 36 (2012) 704–710.
[42] Jun-Mo Yang, Kyung-Hwan Min, Hyun-Oh Shin, Young-Soo Yoon, Effect of steel and synthetic fibers on flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars, Composite: Part B, 43 (2012) 1077–1086.
[43] S. Arora, S.P. Singh, Analysis of flexural fatigue failure of concrete made with 100% coarse recycled concrete aggregates, Constr. Build. Mater., 102 (2016) 782–791.
[44] W.C. Choi, H.D. Yun, Long-term deflection and flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with recycled aggregate, Mater. Des., 51 (2013) 742–750.
[45] A.M. Azad, Flexural behavior and analysis of reinforced concrete beams made of recycled PET waste concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 155 (2017) 593–604.
[46] D. Gao, L. Zhang, Flexural performance and evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 159 (2018) 126–136.
[47] Y. Guo, J. Zhang, G. Chen, Z. Xie, Compressive behaviour of concrete structures incorporating recycled concrete aggregates, rubber crumb and reinforced with steel fibre, subjected to elevated temperatures, J. Clean. Prod., 72 (2014) 193–203.
[48] J.A. Carneiro, P.R.L. Lima, M.B. Leite, R.D. Filho, Compressive stress-strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced-recycled aggregate concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., 46 (2014) 65–72.
[49] A. Meda, F. Minelli, G.A. Plizzari, Flexural behavior of RC beams in fiber reinforced concrete, Compos. B Eng., 43 (2012) 2930–2937.
[50] M.N. Soutsos, T.T. Le, A.P. Lampropoulos, Flexural performance of fiber reinforced concrete made with steel and synthetic fibers, Constr. Build. Mater., 36 (2012) 704–710.
[51] S. Seara-Paz, B. González-Fonteboa, F. Martínez-Abella, J. Eiras-López, Flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams made with recycled concrete coarse aggregate, Eng. Struct., 156 (2018) 32–45.
[52] N. Tošic0 , S. Marinkovic, I. Ignjatovic, A database on flexural and shear strength of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams and comparison to Eurocode 2 predictions, Constr. Build. Mater., 127 (2016) 932–944.
[53] T.M. Tarek, H.K. Das, A.H. Mahmood, M.N. Rahman, M.A. Awal, Flexural performance of RC beams made with recycled brick aggregate, Constr. Build. Mater., 134 (2017) 67–74.
[54] Y. Zaetanga, V. Sata, A. Wongsa, P. Chindaprasir, Properties of pervious concrete containing recycled concrete block aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate, Constr. Build. Mater., 111 (2016) 15–21.
[55] W.J. Weiss, S.P. Shah, Recent trends to reduce shrinkage cracking in concrete pavements, in: Proceedings of the Airfield Pavement Conference, Aircraft/Pavement Technology: In the Midst of Change, (1997) 217–228.
[56] N. Banthia, R. Gupta, S. Mindess, Developing crack resistant SFRC overlay materials for repair applications, NSF Conference, Bergamo, Italy, (2004).
[57] N. Banthia, J. Sheng, Fracture toughness of micro-fiber reinforced cement composites, Cem. Concr. Compos., 18 (1996) 251–269.
[58] V. Bindiganavile, N. Banthia, Polymer and steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites under impact loading, Part 1: bond-Slip Response, Am. Concr. Inst. Mater. J., 98 (1) (2001) 10–16.
[59] Soon Poh Yap, Johnson Alengaram U., Kim Hung Mo, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, Ductility behaviours of oil palm shell steel fibre-reinforced concrete beams under flexural loading, European Journal Environent Civil Engineering, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1320234, (2017), (In Press).
[60] Narayanan R., Darwish I.Y.S., (1987), Use of steel fibers as shear reinforcement, ACI Struct. J., 84 (3), 1125–1132.
[61] Qian C., Parnaikuni I., Properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams in bending, Cement Concrete Composite, 21 (1) (1999) 73–81.
[62]  ASTM C33/C33M-16e1, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2016).
[63] ASTM C136/C136M-14, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2014).
[64]  ASTM C125-16, Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2016).
[65]  ASTM D5821-13, Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2017).
[66]  ACI 211, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 211.1-91), Reapproved 2002, ACI Committee 555, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, (2002).
[67]  ASTM D2419-14, Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2014).
 [68] Hosseini, P., Khaloo, AR, Khodavirdi Zanjan, M.M., Investigation of self-compacting concrete construction using recycled aggregates, Quarterly Journal of Concrete Research, University of Guilan, 3(1) (2010) 9-20, (In Persian).
 [69] ASTM D8038-16, Standard Practice for Reclamation of Recycled Aggregate Base (RAB) Material, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2016).
[70]  ACI 555, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 555R-01), ACI Committee 555, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI., (2001).
[71]  ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14), ACI Committee 318, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI., (2014).
[72]  ASTM A370-17-a, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2017).
[73]  ASTM A615 / A615M-16, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, ASTM International, and West Conshohocken, PA., (2016).
[74]  ASTM C1077-17, Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2017).
[75]  ASTM C39/C39M-17b, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA., (2017).