Influence of a Tunnel on the Seismic Response of Adjacent Tall Building Considering Dynamic Building- Soil-Tunnel Interaction

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

2 Civil Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of civil engineering, faculty of engineering, university of maragheh,maragheh.iran

Abstract

Excavating tunnels in urban areas could have a profound effect on the site characteristics and could change the free-field motion of the ground surface due to many different reasons. Although the previous earthquake events have ascertained that the response of the above-ground buildings close to the tunnel will also change, this effect is not well-addressed in the national and international design building codes. In this paper, considering a fully coupled system of building-soil-tunnel interaction, the presence of a tunnel on the seismic response of a two dimensional 15-story scaled benchmark building under two far- and two near-field benchmark earthquake records has been investigated. Additionally, non-linear dynamic analyses considering the material and geometric nonlinearity have been applied, and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the equivalent linear method are implemented to obtain the non-linear behavior of the soil. The interface between structural foundation and soil is simulated by normal, and shear springs, and the interaction between tunnel and soil is modeled using Coulomb Friction. As a parametric study, the effect of tunnel shape, cross-sectional area, the burial depth of the tunnel, and the effect of site soil material on the seismic response of the building is evaluated by evaluating the ratio of the structural responses with the presence of the tunnel to the structural responses without the presence of the tunnel. The results showed that the maximum relative displacements of the building for soils with 320 and 150 m/s in the presence of the tunnel decreased at most 10% under both far- and near-field earthquake records.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] G. Mylonakis, G. Gazetas, Seismic soil-structure interaction: Beneficial or detrimental?, J. Earthqu. Eng., 4(3) (2000) 277-301.
[2] V. Anand, S.R. Satish Kumar, Seismic Soil-structure Interaction: A State-of-the-Art Review, Structures, 16 (2018) 317-326.
[3] K. Pitilakis, G. Tsinidis, Performance and Seismic Design of Underground Structures, in: M. Maugeri, C. Soccodato (Eds.) Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 2014, pp. 279-340.
[4] N. Sharma, K. Dasgupta, A. Dey, A state-of-the-art review on seismic SSI studies on building structures, Innov. Infrastruct. Solut., 3(1) (2018).
[5] E. Kausel, Early history of soil-structure interaction, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30(9) (2010) 822-832.
[6] M.D. Trifunac, Site conditions and earthquake ground motion – A review, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 90 (2016) 88-100.
[7] M. Rabeti Moghadam, M.H. Baziar, Seismic ground motion amplification pattern induced by a subway tunnel: Shaking table testing and numerical simulation, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 83 (2016) 81-97.
[8] G. Abate, M.R. Massimino, Parametric analysis of the seismic response of coupled tunnel–soil–aboveground building systems by numerical modelling, Bull. Earthquake Engin., 15(1) (2017) 443-467.
[9] G. Abate, M.R. Massimino, Numerical modelling of the seismic response of a tunnel–soil–aboveground building system in Catania (Italy), Bull. Earthquake Engin., 15(1) (2017) 469-491.
[10] J.P. Wolf, C. Song, Some cornerstones of dynamic soil-structure interaction, Eng. Struct., 24(1) (2002) 13-28.
[11] S. Liang, Z. Chen, SPH-FEM coupled simulation of SSI for conducting seismic analysis on a rectangular underground structure, Bull. Earthquake Engin., 17(1) (2019) 159-180.
[12] C. Su, T. Baizang, Z. Haiyang, W. Jianning, L. Xiaojun, Z. Kai, Experimental investigation of the seismic response of shallow-buried subway station in liquefied soil, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 136 (2020).
[13] G. Tsinidis, K. Pitilakis, Improved R-F relations for the transversal seismic analysis of rectangular tunnels, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 107 (2018) 48-65.
[14] L. Yan, A. Haider, P. Li, E. Song, A numerical study on the transverse seismic response of lined circular tunnels under obliquely incident asynchronous P and SV waves, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 97 (2020).
[15] Z. Zhong, Y. Shen, M. Zhao, L. Li, X. Du, H. Hao, Seismic fragility assessment of the Daikai subway station in layered soil, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 132 (2020).
[16] S. Dashti, Y.M.A. Hashash, K. Gillis, M. Musgrove, M. Walker, Development of dynamic centrifuge models of underground structures near tall buildings, Soil Dyn. Earthqu. Eng., 86 (2016) 89-105.
[17] F.Y.M.A. Hashash, M.S. Dashti, S.M. Michael Musgrove, K. Gillis, M. Martin Walker, M. Kirk Ellison, S.M.Y.I. Basarah, Influence of tall buildings on seismic response of shallow underground structures, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 144(12) (2018).
[18] M.A. Lotfollahi Yaghin, S. Timas, F. Khoshnoudian, Influence of Neigboring Structures on Seismic Behavior of Tunnel, Journal of Computational Methods in Engineering,  (2012). (In Persian)
[19] Y. Miao, Y. Zhong, X. Chen, B. Ruan, Seismic response of SSSI system: Surface structures and subway, Geotech. Res., 6(2) (2018) 69-77.
[20] C. Navarro, Effect of adjoining structures on seismic response of tunnels, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 16(11) (1992) 797-814.
[21] K. Pitilakis, G. Tsinidis, A. Leanza, M. Maugeri, Seismic behaviour of circular tunnels accounting for above ground structures interaction effects, Soil Dyn. Earthqu. Eng., 67 (2014) 1-15.
[22] H.F. Wang, M.L. Lou, R.L. Zhang, Influence of presence of adjacent surface structure on seismic response of underground structure, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 100 (2017) 131-143.
[23] J. Guo, J. Chen, A. Bobet, Influence of a subway station on the inter-story drift ratio of adjacent surface structures, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 35 (2013) 8-19.
[24] H.F. Wang, M.L. Lou, X. Chen, Y.M. Zhai, Structure-soil-structure interaction between underground structure and ground structure, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 54 (2013) 31-38.
[25] M.H. Baziar, M. Rabeti Moghadam, D.S. Kim, Y.W. Choo, Effect of underground structure on pga at ground surface considering linear and nonlinear behavior for the soil,  (2014). (In Persian)
[26] M.H. Khalajzadeh, M. Azadi, The Effects of Tunnel Excavation on the Seismic Response of Ground Surface Using Finite Difference Method, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 51(1) (2019) 99-108. (In Persian)
[27] M.H. Baziar, M. Rabeti Moghadam, D.S. Kim, Y.W. Choo, Effect of underground tunnel on the ground surface acceleration, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 44 (2014) 10-22.
[28] M.H. Baziar, M. Rabeti Moghadam, D.S. Kim, Y.W. Choo, effect of underground structure lining flexibility on acceleration response at ground surface, sharif: civil enineering,  (2016). (In Persian)
[29] M.H. Baziar, A. Ghalandarzadeh, M. Rabeti Moghadam, Tehran Subway Tunnel Effect on the Seismic Response of the Ground Surface with Linear Soil Behavior: An Experimental and Numerical Study, Earthquake Engineering,  (2015). (In Persian)
[30] M. Panji, A. Fakhravar, Amplification pattern of seismic ground surface in the presence of underground horseshoe tunnel subjected to incident SH-wave Earthquake Engineering,  (2017). (In Persian)
[31] V. Beshart, S. Majidzamani, Seismic Responce of ground Surface Tehran Subway, Earthquake Engineering,  (2017). (In Persian)
[32] h. Naderpour, h.R. Vosoughifar, e. Ghobakhloo, Evaluation of effective parameters on wave diffraction of far-fault ground motions using artificial neural networks, Sharif: Civil enineering, 32-2(1.1) (2016) -.(In Persian)
[33] H. Alielahi, M. Kamalian, J. Asgari Marnani, M.K. Jafari, M. Panji, Applying a time-domain boundary element method for study of seismic ground response in the vicinity of embedded cylindrical cavity, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(1) (2013) 45-54.
[34] H. Alielahi, M. Adampira, Seismic effects of two-dimensional subsurface cavity on the ground motion by BEM: Amplification patterns and engineering applications, Int. J. Civ. Eng., 14(4) (2016) 233-251.
[35] H. Alielahi, M. Adampira, M. Asgari, Influence of double tunnels on seismic amplification pattern of ground surface using BEM, Sharif: Civil enineering, 33-2(3.2) (2017) 29-41. (In Persian)
[36] H. Alielahi, M.S. Ramazani, surface seismic amplification pattern assessment in sites over underground box structures, Bulletin of earthquake science and engineering, 3(1) (2016) 55-71. (In Persian)
[37] H. Alielahi, M. Adampira, Effect of twin-parallel tunnels on seismic ground response due to vertically in-plane waves, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 85 (2016) 67-83.
[38] H. Alielahi, M. Adampira, Site-specific response spectra for seismic motions in half-plane with shallow cavities, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 80 (2016) 163-167.
[39] H. Alielahi, M. Kamalian, M. Adampira, Seismic ground amplification by unlined tunnels subjected to vertically propagating SV and P waves using BEM, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 71 (2015) 63-79.
[40] H. Alielahi, M. Kamalian, M. Adampira, A BEM investigation on the influence of underground cavities on the seismic response of canyons, Acta Geotech., 11(2) (2016) 391-413.
[41] D.D. Nguyen, D. Park, S. Shamsher, V.Q. Nguyen, T.H. Lee, Seismic vulnerability assessment of rectangular cut-and-cover subway tunnels, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 86 (2019) 247-261.
[42] Q. Sun, D. Dias, X. Guo, P. Li, Numerical study on the effect of a subway station on the surface ground motion, Comput. Geotech., 111 (2019) 243-254.
[43] Y. Lu, W. Huang, Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response Law of Intersecting Metro Tunnels in Upper and Lower Strata, Geotech. Geol. Eng., 38(4) (2020) 3773-3785.
[44] G. Wang, M. Yuan, Y. Miao, J. Wu, Y. Wang, Experimental study on seismic response of underground tunnel-soil-surface structure interaction system, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 76 (2018) 145-159.
[45] S.H.R. Tabatabaiefar, B. Fatahi, B. Samali, Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Seismic Response of Building Frames under Influence of Soil-Structure Interaction, Advances in Structural Engineering, 17(1) (2016) 109-130.
[46] AS/NZS 3678-2011, Structural Steel - Hot-Rolled Plates, Floor Plates and Slabs, Australian Standards, Sydney.,  (2011).
[47] M.H.T. Rayhani, M.H. El Naggar, Numerical modeling of seismic response of rigid Foundation on soft soil, Int. J. Geomech., 8(6) (2008) 336-346.
[48] M. Bagheri, M.E. Jamkhaneh, B. Samali, Effect of seismic soil-pile-structure interaction on mid and high-rise steel buildings resting on a group of pile foundations, Int. J. Geomech., 18(9) (2018).
[49] B. Fatahi, S.H.R. Tabatabaiefar, Fully nonlinear versus equivalent linear computation method for seismic analysis of midrise buildings on soft soils, Int. J. Geomech., 14(4) (2014).
[50] M. Fahimi Farzam, B. Alinejad, A.R. Saeedi Azizkandi, R. Alinejad, Investigation of the effect of building soil and shallow circular tunnel interaction on the seismic response of a 20-story SAC building, Tunneling & Underground Space Engineering, 9(3) (2020) 305-325. (In Persian)
[51] R.L. Kuhlemeyer, J. Lysmer, Finite element method accuracy for wave propagation problems Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 99(5) (1973) 421-427.
[52] Y.M.A. Hashash, C. Phillips, D.R. Groholski, Recent advances in non-linear site response analysis, fifth international Conferenc On Resent Advances in Geotecnical erthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics,  (2010).
[53] A.S. Hokmabadi, B. Fatahi, B. Samali, Physical Modeling of Seismic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction for Buildings on Soft Soils, Int. J. Geomech., 15(2) (2015) 04014046.
[54] J. Khazaei, A. Amiri, M. Khalilpour, Seismic evaluation of soil-foundation-structure interaction: Direct and Cone model, Earthqu. Struct., 12(2) (2017) 251-262.
[55] J.E. Gómez, G.M. Filz, R.M. Ebeling, Extended Hyperbolic Model for Sand-to-Concrete Interfaces, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(11) (2003) 993-1000.
[56] M.H. Baziar, M. Rabeti Moghadam, D.S. Kim, Y.W. Choo, Effect Of Underground Structure Lining Flexibility On Acceleration Response At Ground Surface, Sharif: Civil Enineering, 31-2(4.2) (2016) 79-89. (In Persian)
[57] AS1170.4-2007, Structural Design Actions - Part 4: Earthquake Actions in Australia, Australian Standards, Sydney,  (2007).