Assessment of the Effect of Air-Entraining Agent Content in Reducing the Severity of Plastic Shrinkage Cracking in Air-entrained Concrete Pavements

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Highway Engineering and Transportation, school of civil engineering, Iran University Of science and Technology, Tehran,Iran

2 Transportation, School of civil engineering, Islamic Azad University Tehran-North Branch, Tehran, Iran

3 Highway and Transportation Engineering, School of civil Engineering, Iran University of science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

4 School of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University Tehran-North Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Plastic shrinkage cracking is one of the most common distress in concrete pavements, which reduces the durability and level of service. Using different admixtures in the optimal amount can reduce these cracks. This study investigates the effect of air-entraining agent content in creating intentional air in air-entrained concrete pavements, in controlling or reducing the severity of plastic shrinkage cracking. For this purpose, the effect of adding air-entraining agent in the amount of 0.04, 0.07, and 0.10% by weight of cement on the severity of plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete pavement mixture with water to cement ratios of 0.40, 0.45, and 0.49 was investigated by using ASTM C1579 method. The results showed that the addition of air-entraining agent reduced the severity of plastic shrinkage cracking in air-entrained concrete compared to the conventional one. It was seen that with more addition of air-entraining agent than a certain amount, the severity of cracking has increased, which is a specific and optimal amount of 0.07% in this study. The results showed that increasing the water to cement ratio at lower change intervals has a greater effect on the severity of cracking. Also, the percentage of entrained air due to the addition of the optimal amount of air-entraining agent is less than the maximum percentage of allowed entrained air in concrete pavements. Therefore, with the use of this admixture in the optimal amount, the severity of plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete pavements can be reduced.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Design, Construction and Maintenance Manual for Highways Concrete Pavements No.731 in, The Ministry of Road & Urban Development. Deputy of Technical, Infrastructure and Production Affairs 2017.(in Persian)
[2] Y.H. Huang, Pavement analysis and design, 2004.
[3] N.J. Delatte, Concrete pavement design, construction, and performance, Crc Press, 2014.
[4] M.Y. Shahin, Pavement management for airports, roads, and parking lots, Springer New York, 2005.
[5] G. Moelich, R. Combrinck, A weather data analysis method to mitigate and prevent plastic shrinkage cracking, Construction and Building Materials, 253 (2020) 119066.
[6] D. Meyer, W.P. Boshoff, R. Combrinck, Utilising super absorbent polymers as alternative method to test plastic shrinkage cracks in concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 248 (2020) 118666.
[7] P. Ghoddousi, A.A.S. Javid, M.A. Etebari, Investigation of the effect of capillary pore pressure on paste shrinkage of concrete mixtures containing microsilica and metakaolin and its relationship with tensile strength of early ages., New Approaches in Civil Engineering, 3(2) (2019).
[8] R. Combrinck, W.P. Boshoff, Tensile properties of plastic concrete and the influence of temperature and cyclic loading, Cement and Concrete Composites, 97 (2019) 300-311.
[9] F. Sayahi, Plastic Shrinkage Cracking In Concrete: Mitigation and Modelling, Luleå University of Technology, 2019.
[10] S. Ghourchian, M. Wyrzykowski, M. Plamondon, P. Lura, On the mechanism of plastic shrinkage cracking in fresh cementitious materials, Cement and Concrete Research, 115 (2019) 251-263.
[11] S. Ghourchian, M. Wyrzykowski, P. Lura, A poromechanics model for plastic shrinkage of fresh cementitious materials, Cement and Concrete Research, 109 (2018) 120-132.
[12] A. Almusallam, M. Maslehuddin, M. Abdul-Waris, M. Khan, Effect of mix proportions on plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete in hot environments, Construction and Building Materials, 12(6-7) (1998) 353-358.
[13] W. Dias, Influence of mix and environment on plastic shrinkage cracking, Magazine of Concrete Research, 55(4) (2003) 385-394.
[14] R. Combrinck, L. Steyl, W.P. Boshoff, Interaction between settlement and shrinkage cracking in plastic concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 185 (2018) 1-11.
[15] R. Combrinck, L. Steyl, W.P. Boshoff, Influence of concrete depth and surface finishing on the cracking of plastic concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 175 (2018) 621-628.
[16] M. Kayondo, R. Combrinck, W. Boshoff, State-of-the-art review on plastic cracking of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 225 (2019) 886-899.
[17] S. Ghourchian, M. Wyrzykowski, L. Baquerizo, P. Lura, Susceptibility of Portland cement and blended cement concretes to plastic shrinkage cracking, Cement and Concrete Composites, 85 (2018) 44-55.
[18] S. Ghourchian, Plastic Shrinkage Cracking in Concrete: From Mechanisms to Mitigation Strategies, ETH Zürich, 2018.
[19] V. Slowik, T. Hübner, M. Schmidt, B. Villmann, Simulation of capillary shrinkage cracking in cement-like materials, Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(7) (2009) 461-469.
[20] K. Gunasekaran, R. Annadurai, P. Kumar, Plastic shrinkage and deflection characteristics of coconut shell concrete slab, Construction and Building Materials, 43 (2013) 203-207.
[21] R. Combrinck, W.P. Boshoff, Typical plastic shrinkage cracking behaviour of concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research, 65(8) (2013) 486-493.
[22] W.P. Boshoff, R. Combrinck, Modelling the severity of plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 48 (2013) 34-39.
[23] S.H. Kosmatka, B. Kerkhoff, W.C. Panarese, Design and control of concrete mixtures, Portland Cement Association Skokie, IL, 2002.
[24] M.K. Moradllo, C. Qiao, R.M. Ghantous, M. Zaw, H. Hall, M.T. Ley, W.J. Weiss, Quantifying the freeze-thaw performance of air-entrained concrete using the time to reach critical saturation modelling approach, Cement and Concrete Composites, 106 (2020) 103479.
[25] H. Ziari, P. Hayati, J. Sobhani, Air-entrained air field self-consolidating concrete pavements: strength and durability, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(1) (2017) 21-33.
[26] S. Ghourchian, M. Wyrzykowski, L. Baquerizo, P. Lura, Performance of passive methods in plastic shrinkage cracking mitigation, Cement and Concrete Composites, 91 (2018) 148-155.
[27] ACI, ACI 305R: Hot weather concreting, in, ACI Farmington Hills, MI, USA, 2010.
[28] I. Bertelsen, L. Ottosen, G. Fischer, Influence of fibre characteristics on plastic shrinkage cracking in cement-based materials: A review, Construction and Building Materials, 230 (2020) 116769.
[29] A.A.S. Javid, Mechanisms and strategies to increase the durability of concrete against plastic settelement, plastic shrinkage and drying cracking, in:  First National Conference on Concrete Durability, Tehran,iran, 2018.
[30] M. Wyrzykowski, P. Trtik, B. Münch, J. Weiss, P. Vontobel, P. Lura, Plastic shrinkage of mortars with shrinkage reducing admixture and lightweight aggregates studied by neutron tomography, Cement and Concrete Research, 73 (2015) 238-245.
[31] I. Yakoubi, S. Aggoun, H. Ait Aider, H. Houari, The influence of bleeding, extra water and superplasticizer on the SCC plastic shrinkage cracking: case of hot weather, Journal of adhesion science and Technology, 30(23) (2016) 2596-2618.
[32] M. Sirajuddin, R. Gettu, Plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete incorporating mineral admixtures and its mitigation, Materials and Structures, 51(2) (2018) 48.
[33] R. Combrinck, M. Kayondo, B. le Roux, W. de Villiers, W. Boshoff, Effect of various liquid admixtures on cracking of plastic concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 202 (2019) 139-153.
Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 2
May 2022
Pages 457-474

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics