Investigation the Sidesway Collapse and Seismic Fragility Analysis of Frames with BRB Equipped with SMAs

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2 Department of Architectural Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Although Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) can dissipate a large amount of the seismic input energy. However, they need to be repaired or replaced due to large permanent deformation after a severe earthquake. To overcome this issue, the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) in the braces has recently received attention. These alloys are able to return to their original state after loading. The present study aims to analyze the fragility curves and to investigate the sideway collapse of the BRB frames equipped with SMA during near-field earthquakes in comparison with those given for the case without SMA. For the purposes, two 5 and 15-story BRB and BRB-SMA frames subjected to 7-pair of near-fault earthquake records are studied. Nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) are carried out using OpenSees software. On average, the simulation results showed that the collapse capacity and collapse duration of the BRB-SMA frames are about 30% and 35% more than those given for the BRB frames, respectively. For instance, a collapse probability of 38% for the 5-story BRB-SMA frame and a collapse probability of 60% for the BRB frame is given for 3g spectral acceleration. Furthermore, at the performance level of 50% for the 15-story frame, the collapse duration of the BRB-SMA frame is obtained 25.6 seconds, while it is given about 10 seconds for the BRB frame. In addition, the use of a memory alloy for spectral accelerations of 1 to 4 g resulted in a reduction of 50% to reach the collapse performance level of the frames.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] E. Miranda, V. Betro, Evaluation of strength Reduction Factors for Earthquake Resistant Design Earthquake Spectra, 10(2) (1994) 357-379.
[2] F. Hashemi Rezvani, B. Asgarian, Element loss analysis of concentrically braced frames considering structural performance criteria, Steel and Composite Structures, 12(3) (2012) 231-248.
[3] C. Wang, T. Usami, J. Funayama, Evaluation the Influence of Stoppers on the Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of High Performance Buckling Restrained Braces, Engineering Structures, 41 (2012) 167-176.
[4] C.M. Uang, K.C. Tsai, Research and application of buckling-restrained braced frames, International journal of steel structures, 4(4) (2004) 301-13.
[5] M. S. Alam, M. A. Youssef, M. Nehdi, Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34 (2007) 1075–1086.
[6] M. Pouraminian, S.V. Hashemi, A. Sadeghi, S. Pourbakhshian, Probabilistic Assessment the Seismic Collapse Capacity of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames Equipped with Shape Memory Alloys. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, (2020). (In Persian).
[7] D.J. Miller, Development and experimental validation of self-centering buckling-restrained braces with shape memory alloy, Master's dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, (2011).
[8] Y.L. Han, Q. Li, A.Q. Li, A. Leung, P.H. Lin, Structural vibration control by shape memory alloy damper, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 32(3) (2003) 483-94.
[9] S.V. Hashemi, M. Pouraminian, A. Sadeghi, Seismic Fragility Curve Development of Frames with BRB’s Equipped with Smart Materials subjected to Mainshock-Aftershock Ground Motion. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, (2021). (In Persian).
[10] B. Asgarian, S. Moradi, Seismic response of steel braced frames with shape memory alloy braces, Journal of Construction steel research, Elsevier, 67(1) (2011) 65-74.
[11] D. J. Miller, L. A. Fahnestock, M. R. Eatherton, Development and experimental validation of a nickel–titanium shape memory alloy self-centering buckling-restrained brace, Engineering Structures, 40 (2012) 288–298.
[12] M. Mirzahosseini, M. Gerami, Evaluation of appropriate behavioral models for numerical simulation of new Cu based shape memory alloy. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 4(4) (2017) 5-15.
[13] H. Hou, H. Li, C. Qiu, Y. Zhang, Effect of hysteretic properties of SMAs on seismic behavior
of self‐centering concentrically braced frames, Structural Control and Health Monitoring. (2017).
[14] F. Shi, G. Saygili, O. E. Ozbulut, Probabilistic seismic performance evaluation of SMA‑braced
steel frames considering SMA brace failure, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, (2018).
[15] M. Gholhaki, A. Khosravikhor, O. Rezayfar, Study Effect of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy on Ductility of Steel Plate Shear Walls. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, (2018) (In Persian).
[16] N. Mirzai, R. Attarnejad, Performance of EBFs equipped with an innovative shape memory alloy damper, International Journal of Science & Technology, (2018).
[17] Q. Canxing, Z. Yichen, L.  Han, Q.  Bing, H. Hetao, T. Li, Seismic performance of Concentrically Braced Frames with non-buckling braces, Engineering Structures,  154 (2018) 93-102.
[18] E. Nazarimofrad, A. Shokrgozar, Seismic performance of steel braced frames with self‐centering buckling‐restrained brace utilizing superelastic shape memory alloys, Struct Design Tall Spec Build, (2019).
[19] Gh. Pachideh, M. Gholhaki, M. Kafi, Experimental and numerical evaluation of an innovative diamond-scheme bracing system equipped with a yielding damper. Steel and Composite Structures, 36(2) (2020) 197–211.
 [20] V. Saberi, H. Saberi, O. Mazaheri, A. Sadeghi, Numerical Investigation of Shape Memory Alloys and Side Plates Perforation Effect on Hysteresis Performance of Connections. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering (2020). (In Persian).
[21] Gh. Pachideh, M. Kafi, M. Gholhaki, Evaluation of cyclic performance of a novel bracing system equipped with a circular energy dissipater, Structures, 28 (2020) 467-481.
[22] A. Sadeghi, S.V. Hashemi, K. Mehdizadeh, Probabilistic Assessment of Seismic Collapse Capacity of 3D Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, (2020). (In Persian).
[23] K. Mehdizadeh, A. Karamodin, A. Sadeghi, Progressive Sidesway Collapse Analysis of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames Under Earthquake Excitations. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng (2020).
[24] V. Saberi, H. Saberi, A. Sadeghi, Collapse Assessment of Steel Moment Frames Based on Development of Plastic Hinges. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 52(11) (2020) 1-21. (In Persian).
[25] FEMA P 695. Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors. Washington, D.C. Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA, (2009).
[26] INBC. Design Loads for Buildings. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Iranian National Building Code, Part 6, (2013). (In Persian).
[27] INBC. Design and Construction of Steel Structures. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Iranian National Building Code, Part 10, (2013). (In Persian).
[28] BHRC. Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings. Tehran: Building and Housing Research Centre, Standard No. 2800, (2014). (In Persian).
[29] V. Saberi, H. Saberi, M. Babanegar, A. Sadeghi, A. Moafi. Investigation the Effect of Cutting the Lateral Bearing System and Very Soft Story Irregularities on the Seismic Performance of Concentric Braced Frames. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, (2021). (In Persian).
[30] S. Mazzoni, F. Mckenna, M.H. Scott, G.L. Fenves, OpenSees Command Language Manual.
http://OpenSees.Berkeley.edu/OpenSees/manuals/user manual/OpenSees Command Language Manual June 2006.pdf.
[31] J. Kim, J. Park, and T. Lee, Sensitivity analysis of steel buildings subjected to column loss, Engineering Structures, 33(2) (2011) 421-432.
[32] A. Fayeq Ghowsi, D. Ranjan Sahoo, Seismic response of SMA-based self-centering buckling-restrained braced frames under near-fault ground motions, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 139 (2020).
[33] PEER Ground Motion Database, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Web Site: http://peer.berkeley.edu/peer_ground_motion_database.
[34] SeismoSignal. Constitutes a simple, yet efficient, package for the processing of strong-motion data. 2018.
[35] S. Sabouri, and S. R. Asad Sajadi, Experimental Investigation of Force Modification Factor and Energy Absorption Ductile Steel Plate Shear Walls with Stiffeners and without Stiffener, Journal of Structure and Steel, 4(3) (2008) 13-25.
[36] ATC-24, Guidelines for Cyclic Seismic Testing of Components of Steel Structures, Applied Technology Council, California, U.S.A. (1992).
[37] B. Taftali, Probabilistic seismic demand assessment of steel frames with shape memory alloy connections, PhD. Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, َAtlanta, (2007).
[38] L. F. Ibarra, H.  Krawinkler, Global collapse of frame structures under seismic excitations.  Report No. PEER 2005/06, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, (2005).
[39] Commentary of Instruction for seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, NO: 361. Islamic Republic of Iran Plan and Budget Organization, (2018). (In Persian).