Physical Simulation of Discharge Flow from Deep Conduit in Dense Reservoir (In Terms of Use in the Gotvand Dam Deep Pipe)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Academic Staff, Hydro- Environment Department, Water Research Institute

2 Senior Researcher, Hydro- Environment Department, Water Research Institute

Abstract

The stratified reservoirs are forming due to natural phenomena such as sediment current or a significant change in water quality parameters in terms of salinity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metals, etc. Today, research of the dense reservoir in different conditions is needed for better management. Understanding the outflow pattern and its interactions in stratified reservoir according to different discharges from the deep conduit and application for the operation of its system in Gotvand Dam using by a physical model is the main goals of this research. An undistorted physical model with a 1:40 scale from the deep duct structure with the details was established. This scale is calculated based on the Richardson number and the same density conditions in the model and prototype. Laboratory scenarios of the physical model were designed and implemented in two sections to allow changes water level in the reservoir and maintain it. These two categories were designed for simulating short and long term effects of saline layer evacuation in the reservoir. The results of experiments with different outflow rates (maximum up to 800 liter per second) revealed that salinity of the layer in front of the deep conduit plays an important role in the salinity of the depleted stream, and other layers in different level of the reservoir have not affect in changing this amount. Also, the pattern of the streamline formed towards the output is under very stable conditions without expanding to other layers. The experimental results revealed that the fluid below the offtake remaining unaffected by the outflow and the fluid above the outlet vertically to make up the volume lost through the outflow but preserving the horizontal isopycnals. This issue was clearly recorded in addition to measuring by imaging from the model. To ensure the necessary turbulence and increase Reynolds number in the physical model, outflow was reached more than twice (up to 1677.5 liter per second) but flow pattern towards offtake still was in very stable condition and streamlines did not expand to above and below of outlet layer. Any significant amount of vertical diffusion among dense layers was not observed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] C.P. Manriquez, C.M. Garcia, P.R. Jackson, M.H. Garcia, Hydraulic Model Study of Chicago River Density Currents, Civil Engineering Studies Hydraulic Engineering Series No. 2005(  ,77(.
[2] M. Jamali, B. Seymour, R. Kasaiian, Numerical and experimental study of flow of a stratified fluid over a sill towards a sink, Physics of Fluids, 2005) (057106)17(.
[3] M. Jamali, P. Aghsaee, Effect of a contraction on selective withdrawal of a linearly stratified fluid from a line sink, Physics of Fluids, 2007) (106602) 19(.
[4] H. Ardalan, V. F., M. Azizi, D. Gohary Kamel, A. Kalateh Arabi, Investigation of the Velocity and Angle Effects on the Behavior of Brine Discharge by Inclined Jet into the Stationary and Homogenize Ambient, Journal of Oceanography, 58-51 (2018) (33)9.
[5] B. Mohammadnejad, Investigation of 3D Particle Laden Density Currents with Supercritical Inflow, Sharif University of Technology, 2008.
[6] W.S. Yu, H.Y. Lee, S.M. Hsu, Experiments on the deposition behavior of fine sediment in a reservoir, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 920-912 (2000) (12)126.
[7] W.S. Yu, S.M. Hsu, K.L. Fan, Experiments on selective withdrawal of a codirectional two-layer flow through a line sink, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, (12)130 1166-1156 (2004).
[8] S. Chamoun, G. De Cesare, A.J. Schleiss, Managing reservoir sedimentation by venting turbidity currents: A review, International Journal of Sediment Research, 31 204-195 (2016).
[9] S. Hassanian, P. Moobed, N. Hosseini zare, H. Akhourdzadeh, Y. Hamid, N. Saadati, H. Kamaei, Classification of Karoon and Deze river in limit of Gutvand to Khoramshahr and Dezful to Bamdeje with use of water quality index (WQI ) and study of enterobacteriaceaes that separation of this sites, in:  7th International River Engineering Conference, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz,Iran, 2007. (In Persian)
[10] A. Zarei, A.M. Akhoundali, Investigation of temporal and spatial variations of Karun River water quality in GotvandShushtar and the effect of Saline River on its quality, in: The first regional conference on optimal utilization of water resources in Karoon and Zayandeh Rood basins, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran, 2007. (In Persian)
[11] H. Zarei, A. Azhdari, Chemical quality of water resources of Abol-Fars dam and effect of formation Gachsaran on it, in:  Tenth Congress of Iranian Geological Society, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 2007. (In Persian)
[12] J. Mozaffarizadeh, M. Chitsazan, Investigating the Effect of Geological Formations on the Quality of Groundwater Resources in Gotvand Plain, in:  First Conference on Environmental and Medical Geology, Shahid Beheshti Univerity, Tehran, Iran, 2008. (In Persian)
[13] S.M. Haeri, F. Rezaeiyeh, Investigating and laboratory analysis of dissolution and scouring of salt karsts in dams reservoirs, in:  Third National Congress of Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran, 2007. (In Persian)
[14] N. Damugh, H. Zarei, Extending thick saline layers Gachsaran in the Gotvand Aliya dam and its effect on the quality of water, in:  First national conference on water resources research in Iran, Kermanshah, Iran, 2010. (In Persian)
[15] B. Baghadashtaki, M. Khamehchian, M.H. Nazari, Determination of solubility of salt mass Anbil located at Gotvand dam and its effect on the quality of the reservoir water, in:  First national conference on water resources research in Iran, Kermanshah, Iran, 2010. (In Persian)
[16] M. Hassanvand, B. Dahrazma, N. Hafezi Moghadas, Assessment formations area in reservoir of Gotvand Dam and quality variations of water in levels several, in:  Seventh Conference on Geology of Engineering and Environment of Iran, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, 2011. (In Persian)
[17] S.M. Hashemi Heydari, M.R. Jalili Ghazizadeh, D. Mahjub, Numerical study of the effect of salt dissolution coefficient on salinity distribution in reservoir salt formation, in:  Ninth international Congress of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan Iran, 2012. (In Persian)
[18] V. Naderkhanloo, M. Mazaheri, J. Samani, Investigating and Modeling of Gotvand-Olya Dam Challenge and Management Solutions, Journal of Environmental Studies, 265-251 (2017) (2)43. (In Persian)
[19] M. Mansournejad, B. Kalantari, M. Mahdavi, The Investigation of Negative Effects of Salt Dome on the Quality of Water in Gotvand Olya Dam and the Use of Cut-off Wall as Treatment, American Journal of Civil Engineering, 56-53 (2015) (2-2)3.
[20] D. Mahjoob, A. Sadatifard, H. Hassani, A. Zia, Upper Gotvand Dam and Hydro Power Plant Dealing With Salinity in Reservoir, Challenges, Remedies and Evaluations. , in:  International Symposium on Dams in a Global Environmental Challenges, Bali, Indonesia, 2014.
[21] M. Ajaml, M.R. Sabour, G.A. Dezvareh, The Examination of Effect of Salt Water on Mechanical Properties Clay Soil Around the Dam Gotvand Using Response Surface Method (RSM), Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 7(5S( )211-203 )2015.
[22] R. Martins, Recent Advances in Hydraulic Physical Modelling, Kluwer Academic Publishers and Published in Cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division,, 1988.
[23] R. Ettema, R. Arndt, P. Roberts, T. Wahl, Hydraulic Modeling Concepts and Practice, U.S.A, 2000.
[24] P. Novak, A. Jefrrey, G. V., D.E. Revee, Hydraulic Modelling-an Introduction Principles, methods and. Applications, Spon Press, U.S.A, 2010.
[25] P. Novak, J. Cábelka, Models in Hydraulic Engineering – Physical Principles and Design Applications, Pitman, London, 1981.
[26] H. Kobus, Fundamentals. In Hydraulic Modelling, Verlag Paul Parey/Pitman, Hamburg/London, 1980.
Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 52, Issue 7
October 2020
Pages 1743-1764

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics