Investigating the Effect of Loading Frequency on the Dynamic Properties of SandTire Powder Mixture Using Shaking Table Tests

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University

2 phd student, department of civil engineering, urmia university

Abstract

Nowadays, the use of waste tires has been expanded in various geotechnical projects to absorb and reduce the vibration caused by seismic and dynamic loads, and therefore it is crucial to study the effect of different parameters on their behavior and dynamic characteristics in combination with soil. So this study examined the effects of loading frequency on dynamic properties of sand-tire powder mixtures such as shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (D). A series of 1-g shaking table tests were performed on sand-tire powder mixture. Tire powders were added to the sand with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in gravimetric basis and with a relative density of zero were subjected to sinusoidal loading at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 Hz and input acceleration of 0.1g and 0.3g. The results showed that in all cases, the increase in frequency in the same cycles increased the shear modulus and the damping ratio. Also, with increasing shear strain, the shear modulus of the mixture decreased, but the damping ratio increased. On the other hand, by increasing the tire powder, the value of the shear modulus is reduced, but the amount of damping ratio is increased.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Khabiri, MM., Khishdari, A., and Gheibi, E., Effect of tyre powder penetration on stress and stability of the road embankments, Road Mate Pavement Des 14, (2016) 1–4.
[2] Naval, S., Kumar, A., and Bansal, SK., Model tests on footing resting on waste tire fiber reinforced granular soil, Int J Geotech Eng, 8(4) (2014) 469–476.
[3] Keskin, M.S., and Laman, M., Experimental study of bearing capacity of strip footing on sand slope reinforced with tire chips, Geomechanics and Engineering, 6(3) (2014) 249-262.
[4] Poh, PS., and Broms, B.B., Slope stabilization using old rubber tires and geotextiles, J Perform Constr Facil, 9(1) (1995) 76–79.
[5] Kaushik, M.K., Kumar, A., and Bansal, A., Drainage performance of different sizes tire chips used alone and mixed with natural aggregates as leachate drainage layer material, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 34(1) (2016) 167-191.
[6] O’Shaughnessy, V., and Garga, VK., Tire-reinforced earthfill. Part 3: environmental assessment, Can Geotech J, 37(1) (2000) 117–131.
[7] Lee, JH., Salgado, R., Bernal, A., and Lovell, CW., Shredded tires and rubber-sand as lightweight backfill, J Geotech Geoenviron Eng, 125(2) (1999) 132–141.
[8] Bosscher, P.J., Edil, T.B., and Kuraoka, S., Design of highway embankments using tire chips, J Geotech Geoenviron Eng, 123(4) (1997) 295–304.
[9] Assadollahi, A., Harris, B., and Crocker. J., Effects of Shredded Rubber Tires as a Fill Material on the Engineering Properties of Local Memphis Loess, In GeoChicago, (2016) 738-745.
[10] Jamshidi Chenari, R., Poursalimi, N., and Shamsi Sosahab, J., Dynamic properties of sand- tire crumb mixtures with large cyclic direct shear apparatus, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 22(13) (2017) 50855104.
[11] Jamshidi Chenari, R., Karimpour Fard, M., Shafie, J. and Ghorbanpour, A., Tire Shreds and Tire Crumbs Inclusion: Contrast Effects on Bearing Capacity of Sand, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 22(9) (2017) 3649-3667.
[12]  Jamshidi Chenari, R., Fatahi, B., Akhavan Maroufi, M.A. and Alaie, R., Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Compressibility and Settlement Behavior of Sand Mixed with TDA, Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering (Springer), 35 (5) (2017) 2401-2420. DOI: 10.1007/s10706-017-0255-3.
[13]  Jamshidi Chenari, R., Alaie, R. and Fatahi, B., Constraint Compression Models for Tire-Derived Aggregate-Sand Mixtures Using Enhanced Large Scale Oedometer Testing Apparatus, Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering (Springer) (2018) (In press).
[14]  Mashiri, M.S., Vinod, J., Sheikh, M. Neaz., and Carraro, J., Shear modulus of sand-tyre chip mixtures, Environmental Geotechnics, (2017) DOI: 10.1680/jenge.16.00016.
[15]    Senetakis, K. and Anastasiadis, A., Effects of state of test sample, specimen geometry and sample preparation on dynamic properties of rubber–sand mixtures, Geosynthetics International, 22(4) (2015) 301-310.
[16]    Ehsani, M., Shariatmadari, N., and Mirhosseini, S.M., Shear modulus and damping ratio of sand-granulated rubber mixtures, Journal of central south university, 22 (2015) 3159-3167.
[17]    Mashiri, M. S., Sheikh, M. Neaz., Vinod, J. and Tsang, H., Dynamic properties of sand-tyre chip mixtures, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society Conference, Tasmania: Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, (2013) 1-8.
[18]    Bahadori, H., and Manafi, S., Effect of tyre chips on dynamic properties of saturated sands, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 15(3) (2015) 116-128.
[19]    Sabermahani, M., Ghalandarzadeh, A., and Fakher, A., Experimental study on seismic deformation modes of reinforced - soil walls, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27(2) (2009) 121-136.
[20]    Bahadori, H., Ghalandarzadeh, A., and Towhata, I., Effect of Non plastic silt on the anisotropic behavior of sand, Soils and Foundations, 48(4) (2008) 531-545.
[21]    Lombardi, D., Bhattacharya, S., Scarpa, F., and Bianchi, M., Dynamic response of a geotechnical rigid model container with absorbing boundaries, Soil Dynamic Earthquake Engineering, 69 (2015) 46-56.
[22]    Ghiassian, H., Jamshidi Chenari, R., Shahnazari, H. and Tabarsa, A., Dynamic Performance of Toyoura Sand Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Carpet Waste Strips using a Laminar Box on Shaking Table, Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 10 (Special Issue) (2008) 195-203.
[23]    El-Emam, M.M., and Bathurst, R.J., Influence of reinforcement parameters on the seismic response of reduced-scale reinforced soil retaining walls, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 25(1) (2007) 33-49.
[24]    Koga, Y., and Matsuo, O., Shaking table tests of embankments resting on liquefiable sandy ground, Soil and Foundation, 30(4) (1990) 162-174.
[25]    Abdel-Gaffar, A.M., and Scott, R.F., Shear moduli and damping factors of earth dam, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 105(GT12) (1979) 14051426.
[26]    Kikusawa, M., and Hasegawa, T., Analysis of model embankment dam by shaking table test, Soil and Foundation, 25(1) (1985) 1-14.
[27]    Ghayamghamian, M.R., and Kawakami, H., On-site nonlinear hysteresis curves and dynamic soil properties, Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126(6) (2000) 543-555.
[28]    Zeghal, M., Elgamal, A.W., Tang, H.T., and Stepp, J.C., Lotung downhole array–II: Evaluation of soil nonlinear properties, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 121(4) (1995) 363-378.
[29]    Elgamal, A., Yang, Z., Lai, T., and Kutter, B.L., Dynamic Response of Saturated Dense Sand in Laminated Centrifuge Container, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(5) (2005) 598-609.
[30]    Brennan, A.J., Thusyanthan, N.I., and Madabhushi, S.P., Evaluation of shear modulus and damping in dynamic centrifuge test, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(12) (2005) 1488-1497.
[31]    Bahadori, H., and Farzalizadeh, R., Dynamic Properties of Saturated Sands Mixed with Tyre Powders and Tyre Shreds, International Journal of Civil Engineering, in press, (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0136-9.
[32]    Brara, A., Brara, Ah., Daouadji, A., Bali, A., and Daya, El., Dynamic properties of dense sand-rubber mixtures with small particles size ratio, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, (2016) http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2016.1139509.
[33]    Senetakis, K., Anastasiadis, A., and Pitilakis, K., Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM) mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes, Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 33 (2012) 38-53.
[34]    Manafi, S., Hazarika, H., Bahadori, H., and Chaudhary, B., Dynamic behavior of saturated sandy soil reinforced with non-woven polypropylene fiber, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 12(1) (2018) 89-100, http://doi :10.1080/19386362.2016.1250978.