Amirkabir University of Technology Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering 2588-297X 57 6 2025 08 23 The Effect of Nanographene and Nano Titanium Dioxide on the Mechanical Properties and Chloride Ion Penetration in Concrete The Effect of Nanographene and Nano Titanium Dioxide on the Mechanical Properties and Chloride Ion Penetration in Concrete 1047 1072 5815 10.22060/ceej.2025.24129.8261 FA Leila Shahryari Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Mohamadamin Abedzadeh M.Sc. in Civil Engineering (Construction Engineering and Management), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (Kish Campus), Kish, Iran Hossein Zarei Master's Degree, Department of Civil Engineering, Shi.C.,Islamic Azad University, Shiraz,Iran Journal Article 2025 05 05 Reinforced concrete marine structures located in coastal and corrosive environments are subjected to the attack of destructive chloride ions. In addition, sea waves and coastal storms impose significant stresses on the concrete, resulting in corrosion, abrasion, repeated cycles of wetting and drying, and chemical reactions involving chloride and sulfate ions. One of the main challenges for concrete structures near the shore is their high permeability to moisture and water, which leads to issues such as deterioration and cracking throughout the concrete. In particular, chloride and sulfate ions, which are among the primary causes of corrosion in reinforced concrete, can easily penetrate the structure due to high permeability and cause extensive damage. Therefore, it is essential to employ methods to minimize the permeability of concrete. In this study, with the aim of reducing concrete permeability and improving its durability against chloride ion penetration, a combination of nanographene and nano titanium dioxide was used in the concrete mix. The tests conducted in this study included slump, compressive strength at different ages, water absorption in hardened concrete, and durability against chloride ion penetration using the RCMT method. The results demonstrated that the use of the nanographene and nano titanium dioxide combination did not significantly affect the concrete slump, but the addition of nanographene negatively impacted the cement hydration reaction and reduced the compressive strength of the concrete. Specifically, the addition of 1.5% nanographene decreased the 90-day compressive strength by up to 22.5%. However, this amount of nanographene reduced the chloride ion penetration area in the concrete by up to 47%. Reinforced concrete marine structures located in coastal and corrosive environments are subjected to the attack of destructive chloride ions. In addition, sea waves and coastal storms impose significant stresses on the concrete, resulting in corrosion, abrasion, repeated cycles of wetting and drying, and chemical reactions involving chloride and sulfate ions. One of the main challenges for concrete structures near the shore is their high permeability to moisture and water, which leads to issues such as deterioration and cracking throughout the concrete. In particular, chloride and sulfate ions, which are among the primary causes of corrosion in reinforced concrete, can easily penetrate the structure due to high permeability and cause extensive damage. Therefore, it is essential to employ methods to minimize the permeability of concrete. In this study, with the aim of reducing concrete permeability and improving its durability against chloride ion penetration, a combination of nanographene and nano titanium dioxide was used in the concrete mix. The tests conducted in this study included slump, compressive strength at different ages, water absorption in hardened concrete, and durability against chloride ion penetration using the RCMT method. The results demonstrated that the use of the nanographene and nano titanium dioxide combination did not significantly affect the concrete slump, but the addition of nanographene negatively impacted the cement hydration reaction and reduced the compressive strength of the concrete. Specifically, the addition of 1.5% nanographene decreased the 90-day compressive strength by up to 22.5%. However, this amount of nanographene reduced the chloride ion penetration area in the concrete by up to 47%. https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_5815_2835acf1b5aaa6ade0d10b4c977e912a.pdf