Amirkabir University of Technology Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering 2588-297X 54 3 2022 05 22 Investigation of Effective Parameters on the Settlement and Lateral Spreading of Shallow Foundations on the Sloping Liquefiable Soil Investigation of Effective Parameters on the Settlement and Lateral Spreading of Shallow Foundations on the Sloping Liquefiable Soil 1191 1216 4353 10.22060/ceej.2021.19292.7159 FA Sina Pourabbasi University of Mazandaran Ali Asgari Assistant Professor of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. 0000-0002-2359-8696 Journal Article 2020 12 20 <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">The settlement and lateral spreading of the building due to the occurrence of the liquefaction phenomenon in previous earthquakes have caused significant damage to structures and their infrastructure. Numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the settlement of shallow foundations located on the liquefiable soils as a horizontal model. In fact, in most cases, there is a mild slope in the layers that can be affected by the settlement and lateral spreading of the foundation. In this research, the displacements of the structure and shallow foundation/ground surface on the sloping liquefiable three-layers soil with different relative densities have been investigated parametrically, applying three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations using OpenseesSP. The layers are subjected to the realistic destructive event with scaled peak ground acceleration of 0.35g. A multi-yield-surface plasticity model was selected for the analysis conducted in this research based on constitutive laws applicable to all types of soils. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of parameters including the slope of soil layers, the density of liquefiable layer, groundwater level, foundation contact pressure, and length to width ratio of the foundation on the settlement and lateral spreading of the liquefiable sloping model. The results are shown that increasing the slope of the ground increases the difference between the settlement of the two sides of the foundation and increases the lateral displacements. Decreasing the relative density of the liquefiable layer increases the excess pore water pressure and the settlement of shallow foundation. The results also are shown that lower the groundwater level is increased the effective stress and reduces the vertical and horizontal displacements. Besides, increasing the contact pressure is amplified the foundation of static and dynamic volumetric strains and increases the settlements. Shallow foundations with larger length-to-width ratios experience lower settlements due to smaller shear strains.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">The settlement and lateral spreading of the building due to the occurrence of the liquefaction phenomenon in previous earthquakes have caused significant damage to structures and their infrastructure. Numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the settlement of shallow foundations located on the liquefiable soils as a horizontal model. In fact, in most cases, there is a mild slope in the layers that can be affected by the settlement and lateral spreading of the foundation. In this research, the displacements of the structure and shallow foundation/ground surface on the sloping liquefiable three-layers soil with different relative densities have been investigated parametrically, applying three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations using OpenseesSP. The layers are subjected to the realistic destructive event with scaled peak ground acceleration of 0.35g. A multi-yield-surface plasticity model was selected for the analysis conducted in this research based on constitutive laws applicable to all types of soils. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of parameters including the slope of soil layers, the density of liquefiable layer, groundwater level, foundation contact pressure, and length to width ratio of the foundation on the settlement and lateral spreading of the liquefiable sloping model. The results are shown that increasing the slope of the ground increases the difference between the settlement of the two sides of the foundation and increases the lateral displacements. Decreasing the relative density of the liquefiable layer increases the excess pore water pressure and the settlement of shallow foundation. The results also are shown that lower the groundwater level is increased the effective stress and reduces the vertical and horizontal displacements. Besides, increasing the contact pressure is amplified the foundation of static and dynamic volumetric strains and increases the settlements. Shallow foundations with larger length-to-width ratios experience lower settlements due to smaller shear strains.</span> https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_4353_48a79bcf6049ad894ef98cbc17afec96.pdf