ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Brace End Clearance on Ductility of Concentrically Braced Frames
The need for ductility in Concentrically Braced Frames (CBF) has driven researches to study the different parameters which influence the ductile performance of this kind of structure. Brace end clearance in gusset plates is one of the most important of these parameters, which is considered by seismic codes to improve the seismic behavior of these structures.This study examines the effect of brace end clearance on the behavior of CBFs. Both rectangular andtapered gusset plates are considered in order to gain a deep insight into this issue. Nonlinear analyses using the detailed inelastic finite-element model (FEM) are employed to perform this research. The equivalent plastic strain concept is used to determine the limits of ductile behavior and to predict fracture and failure in these models. Results shows that while in tapered gusset observing 2tp clearance (which is recommended by codes) provides the optimum ductile behavior, in rectangular gusset plates, it is possible to reduce this distance and obtain a smaller gusset plate to maintain the ductile behavior of the frame.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_11_854ffcdb732877f059320d0220c4627c.pdf
2013-08-23
1
12
10.22060/ceej.2013.11
Braced frame
Gusset Plate
Brace end Clearance
Ductility
Mehrdad
Ali Pur
mrdalipour@gmail.com
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali akbar
Agha Kochak
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] علی پور، آزاده، میرقادری، رسول، بررسی عملکرد لرزه ای اتصالات قاب های مهاربند ویژه با صفحه ناهمراستای گاست پلیت و جان ستون، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده فنی دانشگاه تهران، 1385
1
[2] حسینی هاشمی، بهرخ، مهیار، آرش، مستقیمی، نسرین، بررسی رفتار شکل پذیر مهاربندهای همگرا، اولین کنفرانس ملی مهندسی و مدیریت زیرساختها، 1388.
2
[3] قلمی فرد، آرش، آقاکوچک، علی اکبر، تحیل غیرخطی رفتار ورق های اتصال و مهاربندی فولادی همگرا تحت اثر بار چرخه ای، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، 1386
3
[4] مبحث دهم مقررات ملی ساختمان، طرح و اجرای ساختمان های فولادی. تهران: وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی، 1387
4
[5] میرقادری، رسول، وفایی، بهروز، بررسی رفتار لرزه ای قابهای مهاربندی شده با بادبندهای همگرا-X – شکل، سومین کنگره ملی مهندسی عمران، 1386
5
[6]AISC, American Institute of Steel Construction, in Seismic Provisions for structural steel buildings: Chicago, 2005.
6
[7]Astaneh-Asl, A., Goel, S., and Hanson, R. D, Cyclic out-of-plane buckling of double angle bracing. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering. 111(5): p. 1135–1153, 1985.
7
[8]Astaneh-asl, A., Seismic design and behavior of gusset plates., Structural Steel And Educational Council {Steel Tips}: 209 Vernal Drive, Alamo CA, 1998.
8
[9]ATC24, Guidline for cyclic seismic testing of components of steel structures. Applied Technology Council, 1992.
9
[10]El-Tawil, s., Mikesell, t., Vidarsson, E., and Kunnath, S. K., Strength and ductility of FR welded-bolted connections, SAC/BD-98/01, Editor. SAC Joint Venture: Sacramento, CA, 1998.
10
[11]Ferreira, J. and C.A. Castiglioni, Calado, L., Rosaria, and Agatino, M., , Low cyclic fatigue strength assessment of cryciform welded joints. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 47(3): p. 223-224, 1998.
11
[12]Kanvinde, A.M., and Deierlein, G. G. Continuum based micro-models for ultra low cycle fatigue crack initiation in steel structures. in Structures Congress and Exposition, ASCE. Reston Va, 2005.
12
[13]Lee, K., and Bruneau, M, Energy Dissipation of Compression Members in Concentrically Braced Frames: Review of Experimental Data. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering. 131(4): p. 552-559, 2005.
13
[14]Lehman, D.E. and C.W. Roeder, Herman D., Johnson S., and Kotulka B., Improved seismic performance of gusset plate connections. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 134:6: p. 890-901, 2008.
14
[15]Rabinovitch, J.a.C.J.J.R., Cyclic Behavior of Steel Gusset Plate Connections. Structural Engineering Report No. 191. Edmonton,Alberta : University of Alberta Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1993.
15
[16]Yoo, J.-H., C.W. Roeder;, and D.E. Lehman, Analytical Performance Simulation of Special Concentrically Braced Frames. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING © ASCE, 2008: p. 881-889, 2008.
16
[17]Yoo, J.H., Lehman, D. E. and Roeder C. W., Influence of connection design parameters on the seismic performance of braced frames. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 64: p. 607-623, 2007
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Concrete containing rice husk ash to sulfate attack
Deterioration of concrete structures in sulfate environments is a well-known phenomenon. Cement chemistry is an important parameter in coping with sulfate attack. C3A and CA (OH)2 lead to expansion, cracking and strength reduction. The use of rice husk ash (RHA) can improve the sulfate resistance of concrete. It was observed that the sulfate resistance of blended cements was significantly higher in sulfate environments. This study investigates the effect of RHA replaced by cement on the durability of concrete due to sulfate attack. Three RHA replacement levels were considered in the study which is 7%, 10% and 15% by the weight of cement. After the specified initial moist curing period (28 days), concrete specimens were immersed in sodium sulfate & magnesium sulfate solution. The degree of sulfate attack was evaluated by measuring the compressive strength reduction of concrete cubes and their weight losses in both continuous immersed and wetting-drying conditions. Expansion observed in the ordinary Portland cement mortar prisms was larger than expansion for the RHA mortar prisms. Moreover, microstructure of the mortar and concrete incorporating Rice Husk Ash were studied through SEM tests.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_12_b956c06213b774bc5d570baba78a9b73.pdf
2013-08-23
13
23
10.22060/ceej.2013.12
Rice Husk Ash
Durability of Concrete
Sulphate Attack
Mortar Prisms Expansion
Microstructure
Ali Akbar
Ramezan Pur
aaramce@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center, Amirkabir University of
LEAD_AUTHOR
Poya
Pur Beik
pouya_pourbeik@yahoo.com
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Faramarz
Modi
f_moodi@yahoo.com
3
Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] رمضانیانپور، علی اکبر، پرهیزکار، طیبه، قدوسی، پرویز، پورخورشیدی، علیرضا، " توصیه هایی برای پایایی بتن در سواحل جنوبی کشور(نشریه شماره 396)"، مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن تهران 1383.
1
[2]B. Chatveera a,P. Lertwattanaruk,” Evaluation of sulfate resistance of cement mortars containing black rice husk ash”, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 90, Issue 3, March, Pages 1435-1441, 2009.
2
[3]P. Chindaprasirt , P. Kanchanda , A. Sathonsaowaphak , H.T. Cao,” Sulfate resistance of blended cements containing fly ash and rice husk ash”, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 21, Issue 6, June, Pages 1356-1361,2007.
3
[4]Graciela Giaccio , Gemma Rodrı´guez de Sensale , Rau´ l Zerbino, “Failure mechanism of normal and high-strength concrete with rice-husk ash”, Cement & Concrete Composites, , PP.566–574, 2007.
4
[5]P. Chindaprasirt, S. Rukzon, “Strength, porosity and corrosion resistance of ternary blend Portland cement, rice husk ash and fly ash mortar”, Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Volume 22, Issue 8, August, Pages 1601-1606, 2008.
5
[6]M. Sahmaran, T.K. Erdem, I.O. Yaman, “Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to wetting–drying and heating–cooling environments”, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 21, Issue 8, August, Pages 1771-1778, 2007.
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Allocation Model of Rail Transportation Stations in GIS Environment
In this paper, a GIS based model for locating urban rail stations is suggested. The Purpose of the model is maximizing the number of passengers who are attracted to the rail. The model at first generates different combinations of stations along the rail line. Following that, the model evaluates the rail trip attraction from the station-covered areas in each combination of stations. Finally, the model prioritizes the location and combinations of stations. Based on this, the optimized locations of stations are determinable. The suggested model considers local conditions, user characteristics and rail specifications
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_13_0da7280f2efd470927354ea001cc1b67.pdf
2013-08-23
25
33
10.22060/ceej.2013.13
GIS
Rail Line
Rail Trip
Combinations of Stations along the Rail Line
Rail Station
Shahriar
Afandi Zadeh
1
Associate Professor, Iran University of Science & Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Shariat
2
Senior Expert, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] مرکزتحقیقات و مطالعات حمل و نقل دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، گزارش حمل و نقل همگانی سریع شیراز، مطالعات جامع حمل و نقل شیراز، 1379
1
[2] Vuchic, V.R.; Urban Transit Operations, Planning and Economics, John Wiley &
2
Sons, INC, 2004.
3
[3] Vuchic, V.R.; Urban Transit Systems and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, INC, 2007.
4
[4]Daskin, M.S., Owen, S.H.; “Location Models in Transportation“, Handbook of Transportation Science, Second Edition,Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 320-371,2003.
5
[5]Chien, S.I.; Qin, Zh.; “Optimization of Bus Stop Locations for Improving Transit Accessibility“, Transportation Planning and Technology 27, pp.211–227, 2004.
6
[6]Laporte, G., Mesa, J.A., Ortega, F.A.; “Locating Stations on Rapid Transit Lines”, Computers & Operations Research 29, pp.741–759, 2002.
7
[7]Mesa, J.A. and F.A. Ortega.; “Park-and-Ride Station Catchment Areas in Metropolitan Rapid Transit Systems.”, Mathematical Methods on Optimization in Transportation Systems, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 81–93, 2001.
8
[8]Laporte, G., Mesa, J.A., Ortega, F.A., Sevillano, I.; “Maximizing Trip Coverage in the Location of a Single Rapid Transit Alignment“, Annals of Operations Research 136, pp. 49–63, 2005.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Silica Impurities Removal on Bentonite Sample for Nanoclay Production
Removal of silica impurities on Reshm bentonite sample of Semnan province in Iran was investigated .Two processes of hydrocyclone and sedimentation treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate were used aiming for nanoclay production. Mineralogical studies indicated that the treated sample was a low grade Na-bentonite. The dominant impurities were cristobalite and quartz with low amounts of feldspar, gypsum, dolomite, calcite and zeolite. The Purification of the sample was processed by two methods of hydrocyclone and sedimentation treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate as depressant. The purified product was intercalated with octadecylamine. The evaluation of products was performed by XRD analysis. The purification results showed that hydrocyclone process failed to produce a purified montmorillonite product suitable for nanoclay application. Using sedimentation treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate as a depressant, a product with impurities of less than 5 percent, suitable for nanocaly application, can be produced. Intercalation of purified montmorillonite by octadecylamine showed that the application of sodium hexametaphosphate increase the basal spacing up to 36 °A.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_14_0f3f94e703d1f8673e2861c0b6fe5890.pdf
2013-08-23
35
42
10.22060/ceej.2013.14
Montmorillonite
Nanoclay
Hydrocyclone
Sodium Hexametaphosphate
Intercalation
octadecylamine
Hasan
Sedighi
1
Department of Mining Eng., Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Iran Nejad
iranajad@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining Eng., Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
GHarabaghi
m.gharabaghi@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Mining Eng., Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] حجازی، مجتبی و قربانی، منصور، زمین شناسی ایران، بنتونیت و زئولیت، انتشارات سازمان زمین شناسی ایران 1373
1
[2] صدیقی، حسن، " بررسی قابلیت تهیه و تولید نانورس از بنتونیت رشم- هفت خوان سمنان" پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی معدن و متالورژی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر 1387
2
[3]De Paiva, L. B.; Morales, A. R.; Valenzuela Dias, F. R.; “Organoclays: Properties, preparation and applications”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 42, pp. 8-24, 2008.
3
[4]Hasan, M. S.; Abdel-Khalek, N. A.; “Beneficiation and applications of an Egyptian bentonite”, Applied Clay Science, 13(2), pp. 99-115. , 1998.
4
[5]Murray, H.H.; “Applied clay mineralogy: Occurrences, Processing and Applications of Kaolins, Bentonites, palygorskite-sepiolite, and common clays”, Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 55, pp. 644-645, 2007.
5
[6]Clarey, M.; Edwards, J.; Tsipursky, S.J.; Beall, G.W.; Eisenhour, D.D.; Amcol Intl, US Pat., 6050509, 2000.
6
[7]Sedighi, H.; Irannajad, M.; Alinia, F.; “Reshm bentonite beneficiation for nanoclay application”, 2nd international congress on nanoscience & nanotechnology, 28-30 October, university of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, 2008.
7
[8]Lars, A.; “Cation exchange and adsorption on clays and clay minerals”; Dissertation, Submitted for the degree “Dr. rer. nat.” of the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences, Christian-Albrechts Universität, 2003.
8
[9]P. Schick, U.S. Patent 19375669, July2, 1973.
9
[10]Perez-Santano, A.; Trujillano, R.; Belver, C.; Gil, A.; Vicente, M.A.; “Effect of the intercalation condition of montmorilonite with octadecylamine”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 284, p.p. 239-244, 2005.
10
[11]Chang, Y.W.; Yang, Y.; Ryu, S.; Nah, Ch.; “Preparation and Properties of EPDM/organomontmorillonite hybrid nanocomposites”, Polymer International, Wiley, Vol. 51, PP. 319-324., 2002.
11
[12]Bujdak, J.; Slosiarikova, H.; “The reaction of montmorillonite with octadecylamine in solid and melted state”, Applied Clay Science, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), p.p. 263-269, 1992.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation on the Effect of Geotextiles on Pavement Bearing Capacity (Part 1: Experimental Studies)
Using geotextiles as a material with more tensile strength than soil has attracted attention of different researchers and organizations, particularly for road construction. In this research, first, the effect of geotextiles on pavement bearing has been investigated by laboratory model. Dimensions were determined in a way that boundaries have minimum effect on results. The free-end or fixed-end needle punched geotextiles were placed under a layer of sand (as sub-base) and over a layer of soft clay (as sub-grade). The results indicated that Fixed-End or Free-End conditions of geotextiles are similar to each other and geotextiles increase pavement bearing. This effect increases as displacement increases.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_15_a0e6678a3bedfb3fbdbb380858ade271.pdf
2013-08-23
43
51
10.22060/ceej.2013.15
Geotextiles
Pavement
Bearing Capacity
CBR Test
Masoud
Makarchian
makarchian@yahoo.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jahangir
Elyas
2
MSc, Department of Civil Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی کشور، مشخصات فنی عمومی راه با نشریه 101، تجدید نظر اول، ویرایش دوم، 1382
1
[2]Koerner, R. M., Designing with Geosynthetics, 4th ed., Prentice-Hall Inc, Englrwood Cliffs, NJ, 1997.
2
[3]Fannin, R. J. and Sigurdson, O., “Field observations on stabilization of unpaved roads with geosynthetics”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 544- 553, 1996.
3
[4]Holtz, R. D., Black, P. J., “Performance of geotextile separators five years after installation”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 404- 412, 1999.
4
[5]Al-Qadi, I. L. and Chair, E.V., “Eight-year of field performance of a secondary road incorporating geosynthetics at the subgrade- base interface”, Transportation Research Board and National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Paper No. 03- 3453, 2003.
5
[6]Giroud, J. P. and Noiray, L., “Geotextile reinforced unpaved road design”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 1233-1254, 1981.
6
[7]Steward, J., Williamson, R. and Mohney, J., “Guidelines for the use of fabrics in construction and maintenance of low- volume roads”, US Department of Agricultural Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, Report No. FHWA-TS- 78- 205, 1977.
7
[8]Milligan, G. W. E., Jwell, R. A., Houlsby, G. T. and Burd, H. J., “A new approach to design of unpaved roads”, Ground Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 37- 42, 1989.
8
[9]Bergado, D. T., Youwai, S., Hai, C. N. and Vootipruex, P., “Interaction non-woven needle- punched geotextiles under axi-symmetric loading”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 299- 328, 2001.
9
[10]Cazzuffi, D., Venesia, S., “The mechanical properties of geotextiles: Italian standard and interaboratory”, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Geotextiles, Vienna, Vol.3 pp. 695- 670, 1986.
10
[11]McGown, A., Andrawes, K. Z., Wilson- Fahmy, R.F. and Brady K.c., “Strength testing of geotechnical fabrics”, Supplementary Report 703, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, UK, 1981.
11
[12]Taiebat, H. A. and Carter, J. P., “Numerical studies of the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on cohesive soil subjected to the combined loading”, Geotechnique, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 409- 418, 2000.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dynamic Analysis of Steel Shear Walls Using Different Spectrums in Near and Far Fields
Recently steel shear walls have been considered as a resistant system against lateral loads. Also researchers have seen different effects of earthquakes of near and far from the fault. These researches shows that mappings of near fault have less effective time than mappings of far from the fault and have one or more special pulse, large domain and medium to large frequency which causes to increase the domain of response spectrum in large period zones. In this article four moment resisting steel frames each of which has four spans 3, 7, 15 and 25 stories that only their mid span has steel shear wall with thin plate (strip model) have been analyzed under near or far from the fault and Iranian Earthquake 2800 Code spectrums. By the assumption of well acting of strip model, results showed that base shearing and relative roof displacements of 3 and 7 stories under the near fault spectrum was 2 to 32 percent less than the cases under far from the fault and Iranian Earthquake 2800 Code spectrums and at 15 and 25 stories the consequence was vice versa and averagely 22 and 52 percent more than the amounts of far from the fault and Iranian Earthquake 2800 Code spectrums.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_16_9c9351a953c6889a0c0ea745384a60d2.pdf
2013-08-23
53
67
10.22060/ceej.2013.16
steel shear wall
Thin Plate
Near and Far from the Fault Spectrums
Iranian Earthquake Code
Majid
Gholhaki
mgholhaki@semnan.ac.ir
1
iAssistant professor, Semnan University, member of academic staff Civil Engineering School, ii Member of research center of new technologies in civil engineering, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Gerami
mgerami@semnan.ac.ir
2
iAssistant professor, Semnan University, member of academic staff Civil Engineering School,ii Member of research center of new technologies in civil engineering, , Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hoshang
Asghari Takdam
hooshang_asghari_takdam@yahoo.com
3
M.Sc. of Earthquake engineering, Semnan University, School of civil engineering, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1]میترا عدالت، " بررسی تاثیر میرایی و تسلیم روی طیف های رکوردهای زلزله های نزدیک گسل"، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران، 1382.
1
[2] مبحث ششم مقررات ملی ساختمان ایران.
2
[3] آئین نامه طراحی ساختمان ها در برابر زلزله، استاندارد 2800، ویرایش 3، مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن.
3
[4] محسن گرامی، داوود عبدا... زاده" بررسی ضوابط بهسازی قابهای خمشی فولادی ویژه تحت اثر زلزله های نزدیک گسل"، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه سمنان 1385.
4
[5]K. Gala, A. Ghobarah, “Effect of near-fault earthquakes on North American nuclear design spectra”, Nuclear Engineering and Design, Elsevier, February 2006.
5
[6]John F. Hall, “Seismic response of steel frame buildings to near-fault ground motions”, A report of the California Institute of Technology, Report No.EERL 97-05, Pasadena, California, 1997.
6
[7]In-Kil Choi, Min Kyu Kim, Young-Sun Choun, and Jeong-Moon Seo, “Shaking table test of steel frame structures subjected to scenario earthquakes”, Journal of the Nuclear Engineering and Technology,Vol.37 No.2, April 2005.
7
[8]Sabouri-Ghomi, S.; Roberts, T. M.; "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Thin Steel Plate Shear Walls", Computers and Structures, 39(1/2), 121–127, 1991.
8
[9]Sabouri-Ghomi, S.; Roberts, T. M.; "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Plate Shear Walls including Shear and Bending Deformations", Engineering Structures 14(5), 309–317, 1992.
9
[10]Roberts, T. M.; Sabouri-Ghomi, S.; "Hysteretic Characteristics of Unstiffened Plate Shear Panels", Thin Walled Structures, 12, 145–162, 1991.
10
[11]Roberts, T. M.; Sabouri-Ghomi, S.; "Hysteretic Characteristics of Unstiffened Perforated Steel Plate Shear Panels", Thin Walled Structures, 14, 139–151, 1992.
11
[12]Rezai, M.; “Seismic Behavior of Steel Plate Shear Walls by Shake Table Testing”, Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 1999.
12
[13]Astaneh-Asl, A.; Zhao, Q.; “Cyclic Behavior of Steel Shear Wall Systems”, Proceedings, Annual Stability Conference, Structural Stability Research Council, April, 2002.
13
[14]G. De Matteis, R. Landolfo, F.M. Mazzolani; “Seismic response of MR steel frames with low-yield steel shear panels”, Engineering Structures,Elsevier Science,2002.
14
[15]Kharrazi, M. H. K.; “Rational Method for Analysis and Design of Steel Plate Shear Walls", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Colombia, 217 pages, 2005.
15
[16]S. Sabouri-Ghomi.; M. Gholhaki” Experimental Study of Two Three-Story Ductile Steel Plate Shear Walls”, Journal Amirkabir ,19-)ج( 68- 29-42,2008.
16
[17]Siddhartha Ghosh, Farooq Adam, Anirudha Das, “Design of steel plate shear walls considering inelastic drift demand”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, ScienceDirect, 2009.
17
[18]Anjan K. Bhowmick, Robert G. Driver, Gilbert Y. Grondin, “Seismic analysis of steel plate shear walls considering strain rate and P_delta effects”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 65 (2009) 1149_1159, , ScienceDirect, 2009.
18
[19]Timler, P. A.; Kulak, G. L.; “Experimental Study of Steel Plate Shear Walls”, Structural Engineering Report No. 114, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1983.
19
[20]Tromposch, E. W.; Kulak, G. L.; “Cyclic and Static Behavior of Thin Panel Steel Plate Shear Walls”, Structural Engineering Report No. 145, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1987.
20
[21]Canadian Standards Association, CAN/CSA-S16-01. Limit States Design Of Steel structures. (Ontario, Canada):CSA; 2001.
21
[22]American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Building. Chicago (IL, USA): AISC; 2005.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of AC Stray Current on Concrete Structures
The purpose of this article is the study of effects of high voltage AC stray current (220 and 380 VAC) on the durability of concrete. In rainy condition, high voltage AC current can leakage into water saturated concrete power pole by creeping AC current through their insulators. In Iran, large budgets are annually spent for replacing degraded concrete power poles with new ones. There is not any research on the above mentioned subject and the history of this research is related to the authors of this paper. Therefore, this study is a new work in the field of concrete.In this study, the degradation effects and mechanisms of the AC stray current on water saturated concrete were investigated via laboratory tests. They included electrical and electrochemical tests. Based on the results of the tests, AC stray currents can reduce the durability of water saturated concrete by non-distribution current, thermal and shrinkage stress mechanisms. Application of silica fume and reducing w/c ratio increases the resistance of concrete against destructive effects of the AC stray current and increases its durability.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_17_00ee6adbaa16474ccb07e8ac6da1497f.pdf
2013-08-23
69
80
10.22060/ceej.2013.17
Concrete
AC Stray Current
Durability
Abbas
Aghajani Kopaei
aghajani@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Lecturer and PhD student of Department of Materials Eng. Isfahan Univ. of Tech., Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Saatchi
2
Professor., Department of Materials Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Tech., Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Golozar
3
Professor., Department of Materials Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Tech., Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Keivan
Raeesi
4
Associate Professor., Department of Materials Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Tech., Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Shabani
5
Lecturer, Subsea R&D Center, Isfahan Univ. of Tech., Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Luca Bertolini, Maddalena Carsana, Pietro Pedeferri,,“Corrosion behaviour of steel in concrete in the presence of stray current”, Corrosion Science 49, pp. 1056–1068, 2007.
1
[2]M. Raupach, B. Elsener, R. Polder and J. Mietz, Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete, Chapter 9, “Influence of stray currents on corrosion of steel in concrete”, Woodhead publishing limited,2007.
2
[3]Shucai YANG, Xu YANG, “Evaluation of stray current corrosion resistance of concrete in metro construction”, pp. 246–2529, Front. Archit. Civ. Eng. China, 2008.
3
[4]Luca Bertolini, Bernhard Elsener, Pietro Pedeferri, Rob Polder, “Corrosion of Steel in Concrete” ,Wiley-VchVerlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2004.
4
[5]Ping Gu,PingXie, J. J. Beaudoin, R. Brousseau, “Application of A.C. Impedanmce Spectroscopy (I): A New Equivalent Circuit Model for Hydrated Portland Cement Paste”, Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 22, pp. 833-840, 1992.
5
[6]GuofuQiao ,JinpingOu “Corrosion monitoring of reinforcing steel in cement mortar by EIS and ENA”, Electrochimica Acta No. 52, pp. 8008–8019, 2007.
6
[7]Ping Gu, Ping Xie& J.J. Beaudoin "Impedance Characterization of microcracking Behaviour in Fibre-reinforced Cement Composites”, Cement & Concrete Composites No. 15, pp. 173-180, 1999.
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[8]Ahmed, M. S., Kayali, O., & Anderson, W. "Evaluation of Binary and Ternary Blends of Pozzolanic Materials Using the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test”. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, No. 21, pp. 446-453, 2009.
8
[9]C.C. Yang, C.T. Chiang, "Relation between the chloride migration coefficients of concrete from the colourimetric method and the chloride profile method” J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 32, pp. 801–809, 2009.
9
[10]P.A. Claisse, H.I. Elsayad, E. Ganjian, “Modelling the rapid chloride permeability test”, Cem. Concr. Res. 40, pp. 405–409, 2010.
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[11]ASTM C1202, “Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration.
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[12]Nordtest method, NT Build 492, “Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments” Approved , 1999-2011.
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[13]ZhongziXu, Ping Gu, Ping Xie, J. J. Beaudoin “ Application of A.C. Impedance Techniques in Studies of Porous Cementitious Materials (II): Relationship Between ACIS Behavior and the Porous Microstructure”, Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 23, pp. 853-862, 1993.
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[14]Ping Xie, Ping Gu, Yan Fu, J.J. Beaudoin “A.C. Impedance Phenomena in Hydrating Cement System: Origin of the High Frequency Arc”, Cement and Concrete Research Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 704-706, 1994.
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[15]Ping Gu, Ping Xie, J. J. Beaudoin, R. Brousseau “A.C. Impedance Spectroscopy(II):Microstructural Characterization of HydratingCement-Silica Fume Systems”, Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 23, pp. 157-168, 1993.
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[16]Ping Gu, ZhongziXu, Ping Xie, J.J. Beaudoin “An A.C. Impedance Spectroscopy Study of Microcracking In Cement-Based Composites During Compressive Lodding”, Cement and Concrete Research Vol. 23, pp. 675-682, 1993.
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[17]W.J.McCarter “A Parametric Study of The Impedance Charcteristics of Cement-Aggregate Systems During Early Hydration”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 1097-1110, 1994.
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[18]Hugo Mercado, Sylvie Lorente, Xavier Bourbon “ Chloride diffusion coefficient: A comparison between impedance spectroscopy and electrokinetic tests”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Volume 34, pp. 68-75, 2012.
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[19]R. Vedalakshmi R. Renugha Devi Bosco Emmanuel N. Palaniswamy “Determination of diffusion coefficient of chloride in concrete: an electrochemical impedance spectroscopic approach”, Materials and Structures No. 41, pp. 1315–1326, 2008.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Self-Consolidating Concrete on Beam-Column Exterior Joints
In this research, behavior of exterior concrete beam-column joints made of normal concrete (NC) and self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is investigated. The variables include the type of beam longitudinal bar anchorage in joint, transverse reinforcement of joint and strength of concrete. Experimental and analytical investigation of joint behavior is carried out. In the experimental part, 10 semi-scale exterior beam-column joints were manufactured and subjected to a constant column axial load and beam quasi-static cyclic load. In the analytical part, the ABAQUS software is used for modeling and analyzing of test specimens. Based on the results, the experimental and analytical joint capacities are in good agreement. Results show that using self-consolidating concrete in joints, apart from easier concrete placement, can increase the workability and ductility of connection and result in a better bond with reinforcing bars. Also, by increasing the concrete strength, the failure mechanism of a connection may change from shear failure in joint to flexural failure in beam.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_18_2dd9eb0653cbf9555955645ebf686b4a.pdf
2013-08-23
81
96
10.22060/ceej.2013.18
Exterior Concrete Beam-Column Joints
Finite Elements
self-consolidating concrete
Hysteresis Diagram
Hamid
Shirazi
1
iAssistant Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and, iiAzad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Esfahani
esfahani@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Scott, R. H., “The effects of Detailing on RC Beam-Column Connection Behaviour”, The Structural Engineer, V. 70, No. 18, pp. 318-324, 1992. 1
1
[2]Abdel-Fattah, B., and Wight, J.K., “Study of Moving Beam Plastic Hinging Zones for Earthquake-Resistant Design of R/C Buildings”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 31-39, 1987. 2
2
[3]Wallace, J. W., McConnell, S. W., Gupta, P. and Cote, P. A., “Use of Headed Reinforcement in Beam-Column Joints Subjected to Earthquake Loads", ACI structural Journal, Vol. 95, No. 5, pp. 590-606, 1998. 3
3
[4]Kang, T.H.K., Sang, S.H., and Choi, D.U., “Bar Pullout Tests and Seismic Tests of Small-Headed Bars in Beam-Column Joints”, ACI structural Journal, Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 32-42, 2010. 4
4
[5]Henager, C.H., “Steel Fibrous, Ductile Concrete Joint for Seismic-Resistant Structures”, Reinforced Concrete Structures in Seismic Zones, SP 53-14, American Concrete Institue, Detroit, pp. 371-386, 1974. 5
5
[6]Bertero, V.V., Popov, E.P., and Frzani, B., “Seismic Behaviour of Lightweight Concrete Beam-Column Subassemblages”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 77, No. 7, pp. 44-52, 1980. 6
6
[7]Lin, C. H.; Lin, S.P.; and Tseng,C. H.,”High-Workability Concrete Columns under Concentric Compresion”, ACI Structural Journal, V.101, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. pp. 85-93, 2004. 7
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[8]Lin, C. H. and Lin, S.P. ,”Flexural Behavior of High-Workability Concrete Columns under Cyclic Loading”, ACI Structural Journal, V.102, No. 3, May-June pp. 412-421, 2005. 8
8
[9]Chan,y.W.; Chen, y. S.; and Liu, y. S., “Development of Bond Strength of Reinforcement Steel in Self-Consolidating Concrete”, ACI Structural Journal, V.100, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 490-498, 2003. 9
9
[10]Paultre, P.; Khayat, K. H.; Cusson, D.; and Tremblay, S., “Structural Performance of Self-Consolidating Concrete Used in Confined Concrete Column”, ACI Structural Journal, V.102, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 560-568, 2005.
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[11]Esfahani M. R., Lachemi M., and Kianoush M. R., “Top-Bar Effect of Steel Bars in Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC)”, Engineering Structures Journal, Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford, England, No. 30, pp.52-60, 2008.
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[12]Chen, y. F., “An Investigation on Confinement Behavior of Square Self-CoMPacting Concrete Columns”, MS thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 245 p p, 2003. 12
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[13]ACI Committee 209, “Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures”, Designing for Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete Structures, SP-76, American Concrete Institue, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 93-300, 2008. 13
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[14]Chien, H., L., and Chao, L., H., and Shin, P., L., and Chin, H., L., “Self-Cosolidating Concrete Columns under Cocentric Compression”, ACI Structural Journal, V.105, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 425-432, 2008. 14
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[15]ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete(ACI 318-11) and Commentary (318R-11)”, American Concrete Institue, Farmington Hills, Mich, 443pp, 2011. 15
15
[16]ACI Committee 374, “Acceptance criteria for Moment Frames Based on Structural Testing and Commentary(ACI 374.1-05)”, American Concrete Institue, Farmington Hills, MI, 9pp, 2005. 16
16
[17]Ehsani, M. R., and Alameddine, F., “Design Recommendations for Type 2 High-Strenth Reinforced Concrete Connections”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 277-291, 1991. 17
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[18]Lubliner, J., J. Oliver, S. Oller, and E. Onate, “A Plastic- Damage Model for Concrete”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 25, pp. 299-329, 1989. 18
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[19]Lee, J., and G. L. Fenves, “Plastic- Damage Model for Cyclic Loading of Concrete Structures”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 124, no.8, pp. 892-900, 1998. 19
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[20]Thorenfeldt, E., and Tromaszwicz, A., “Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete and Application in Design”, Proceedings of The Symposium Utilization of High-Strength Concrete, Tapir, Trondheim, pp. 149-159, 1987. 20
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[21]Collins, MP., and Porasz, A., “Shear Design for High-Strength Concrete”, CEB Bulletined, Information, No. 193, pp. 77-83, 1989. 21
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[22]Collins, MP., and Mitchell, D., “Prestressed Concrete Structure”, Prentice- Hall Inc; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp. 766, 1991. 22
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[23]Li, B., and Tran, T.N., “Seismic Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints with Vertically Distributed Reinforcement”, ACI structural Journal, Vol. 106, No. 6, pp. 790-799, 2009.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation and Prediction of Caspian Sea Significant Wave Height Using Chaos Theory
Significant wave height is mean of one third of the largest wave heights in a certain marine condition. Investigation and prediction of the significant wave height have been recently considered in marine system analysis including loadings over marine structures and sediment transport for designing, operation and marine researches. The capability of chaos theory in engineering particularly marine engineering has been gaining considerable interest in recent times. In this research, dynamic characteristics of the significant wave height time series in Caspian Sea at Anzali entrance are considered and the prediction has been performed using ideas gained from chaos theory. To reconstruct phase space, the time delay and embedding dimension are needed and for this purpose, autocorrelation function and algorithm of false nearest neighbors are used. Correlation dimension method is applied for investigating chaotic behavior of the significant wave height, which is the resultant of correlation dimensions, expresses chaotic behavior in the time series. Local prediction algorithm is used for time series prediction and results illustrate good and acceptable accuracy of chaos theory in quantitative prediction of seas significant wave height.
https://ceej.aut.ac.ir/article_19_a8f556f6e259d40f89b9e726f12ab422.pdf
2013-08-23
97
105
10.22060/ceej.2013.19
Significant Wave Height
Local Prediction
Caspian Sea
Chaos Theory
Mohammad Ali
Lotfollahi Yaghin
a_lotfollahi@yahoo.com
1
Professor, Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mir Ahmad
Lashte Neshaei
2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Ghorbani
3
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza Beyk
Lorian
4
Ph.D. Candidate, Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] پری زنگنه،م.، عطائی، م.، معلم، پ.، " بازسازی فضای حالت سری های زمانی آشوبی با استفاده از یک روش هوشمند"، نشریه الکترونیک و قدرت دانشکده مهندسی برق. سال اول. ش 2، ص 3 تا 10، 1388.
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[2]Elshorbagy, A.; Simonovic, S. P.; Panu, U.S.; “Estimation of missing stream flow data using principles of chaos theory”, Journal of Hydrology, No. 255, pp. 123 – 133. , 2002.
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[3] Fraser, A.; Swinney, H.L.; “Independent coordinates for strange attractors from mutual information”, Phys. Rev. A, No. 33, pp. 1134 –1140, 1986.
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[4]Porporato, A.; Ridolfi, L.; “Nonlinear analysis of river flow time sequences”, Water Resources Research, No. 33(6), pp. 1353 -1367, 1997.
4
[5]Damle, C.; Yalcin, A.; “Flood Prediction Using Time Series Data Mining”, Journal of Hydrology, No. 333, pp. 305 – 316, 2007.
5
[6]Chakrabarti, S.K.,; Hydrodynamics of Offshore Structures, WIT Press, UK, 2001.
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[7]Wu, J.; Lu, J.; Wang, J.; “Application of chaos and fractal models to water quality time series prediction”, Environmental Modelling &Software, No. 24, pp. 632 – 636, 2009.
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[8]Kocak, K.; Bali, A.; Bektasoglu, B.; “Prediction of Monthly Flows by Using Chaotic Approach”. International congress on river basin management, 22-24 March,Antalya, Turkey, Chp 4, No. 117, 553 – 559,2007.
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[9]Kocak, K.; Saylan, L.; Sen, O.; “Nonlinear Time Series Prediction of O3 Concentration In Istanbul”, Atmosphere Environment, No. 34,pp. 1267 - 1271, 2000.
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[10]Kennel, M.; Brown, R.; Abarbanel, H.D.I.; “Determining embedding dimension for phasespace reconstruction using a geometrical construction”. Physical Review A, No. 45(6),pp. 3403 – 3411, 1992.
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[11]Shang, P.; Na, X.; Kamae, S.; “Chaotic analysis of time series in the sediment transport phenomenon”, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, No. 41, pp. 368 – 379, 2009.
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[12] Khan, S.; Ganguly, A.R.; Saigal, S.; “Detection and Predictive Modeling of Chaos in Finite Hydrological Time Series”,Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, No. 12,pp., 41 – 53,2005.
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[13] Regonda, S.K.; Sivakumar, B.; Jain, A.; “Temporal scaling in river flow: can it be chaotic?”, Hydrological Sciences–Journal–des Sciences Hydrologiques, No. 49(3), June.2004.
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[14]Solomatine, D.P.; Velickov, S.; Wust, J.C.; “Predicting Water Levels and Currents in the North Sea Using Chaos Theory and Neural Networks”. Proc. 29 th Iahr Congress, Beijing, China, September, pp. 1-11, 2001.
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[15]Stehlik, J.; “Deterministic Chaos in Runoff Series”. Czech Hydro meteorological institute, Dept of Experimental Hydrology, 143, 06 prague, 2003.
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[16]Takens, F.; “Detecting strange attractors in turbulence”. In: Rand, D.A., Young, L.S. (Eds.), Dynamical Systems and Turbulence, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 898, pp: 366–381 , 1981.
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[17]Ng, W.W.; Panu, U.S.; Lennox, W.C., “Chaos based Analytical techniques for daily extreme hydrological observations”, Journal of Hydrology, No. 342, pp. 17 – 41, 2007.
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[18]Zaldivar, J.M.; Strozzi, F.; Gutierrez, E.; Shepherd, I.M.; Tomasin, A.; “Early detection of high water at Venice Lagoon using chaos theory techniques”. In Babovic, V., Larsen, L.C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Hydro informatics ’98, vol. 2. Danish Hydraulic Institute, Copenhagen, pp. 1483 – 1490, 1998.
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