تجزیه و تحلیل ریسک های ایمنی پروژه های ساختمانی با استفاده از روش یکپارچه AHP-DEA

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

2 دانشیار، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

چکیده

صنعت ساخت و ساز یکی از خطرناک ترین صنایع از نظر تلفات مربوط به کار، نرخ آسیب دیدگی و پرداخت غرامت به کارگران شناخته شده است. حوادث این صنعت ناشی از ناکارآمدی روش های متعارف ارزیابی خطر و همچنین اجرای فعالیت های بدون درنظر گرفتن استانداردهای ایمنی است که تأثیر عمده ای را بر سلامت و ایمنی کارکنان می گذارد. بنابراین، شناسایی و ارزیابی خطرات و ریسک ها یک گام ضروری در این صنعت بوده و تجزیه و تحلیل ایمنی یک اقدام مؤثر و فعال برای شناسایی، ارزیابی و کنترل خطرها در روش های صنعتی است. این مقاله از روش سیستماتیک و یکپارچه روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی-روش تحلیل پوششی دادهها ( AHP-DEA ) برای ارزیابی خطرهای ایمنی استفاده می کند. در مطالعه موردی کارگاه های ساختمانی متعارف ایران، بیست فعالیت دارای پتانسیل خطر، ده حادثه ناشی از این فعالیت ها و دوازده عامل بروز حادثه شناسایی شدند و با استفاده از قضاوت متخصصان ایمنی و ناظران پروژه، از طریق پرسشنامه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در نهایت، فعالیت های گودبرداری و کار در ارتفاع به عنوان پر خطرترین فعالیت ها از نظر ایمنی شناخته شد و راهکارهایی نیز برای بهبود و پیشگیری از حوادث ناشی از این فعالیتها ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of construction safety risks using AHP-DEA integrated method

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Mohajeri 1
  • A. Ardeshir 2
1 MSc Graduate, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
2 Associate professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
چکیده [English]

The construction industry is known as one of the most dangerous industries in the, work-related mortality,
injury rates and workers compensation payment. Industrial accidents are due to inefficiency of
conventional methods of risk assessment and performing activities, regardless of safety standards, that it
will affect extremley on health and safety staffs. Thus, identifying and assessment risks are an essential
step in this industry. The safety analysis is an effective act for the identification, assessment and control
of risks in construction industry. This paper uses systematic and integrated AHP-DEA methodology for
safety risk assessment. In the case study of Iran’s common construction projects, 20 danger potential
activities with high potential of hazards, 10 accident caused by these activities and 12 factors for identification
of causes of accidents are enacted. They were evaluated using judgment of safety experts and
projects supervisors by questionnaire. Finally, excavation activities and work in elevations were recognized
the most risky activity in terms of safety, that strategies were presented to improve and prevent
accidents caused by these activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analysis
  • Risk
  • Safety
  • Construction
  • AHP
  • DEA
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