امکان‌سنجی تزریق ‌هم‌زمان هیدرولیکی و الکتروفورتیک سیلیس کلوئیدی در ماسه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

یکی از متدوال‌ترین روش‌های به‌سازی خاک‌های اشباع به کارگیری پدیده الکتروکینتیک است. آبکشی خاک‌های ریزدانه رسی، رفع آلودگی فلزات سنگین از خاک و همچنین تزریق الکتروکینتیک تثبیت کننده‌های مختلف از جمله سیلیکات سدیم، سیلیس کلوئیدی و محلول‌های یونی به ویژه در خاک‌های ریزدانه که تزریق هیدرولیکی با فشار در آنها به بافت خاک صدمه می‌زند به عنوان روش تثبیتی غیرمحرک؛ نمونه‌هایی از کاربرد این روش است. سیلیس کلوئیدی تثبیت کننده‌ای است که از پراکنده شدن ذرات باردار در محیط‌های متفاوت مانند آب به دست می‌آید. بررسی کمی میزان تزریق پذیری سیلیس کلوئیدی و تأثیر این ماده و پدیده الکتروکینتیک بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و مایع منفذی و تأثیر هم زمان آن با تزریق هیدرولیکی، نیازمند ساخت دستگاهی است تا کنترل پارامترهای متفاوت را امکان پذیر کند. به همین منظور، کار حاضر به شیوه ساخت دستگاه و ساز و کاری که بتوان توسط آن پدیده الکتروکینتیک در به سازی خاک به ویژه تزریق سیلیس کلوئیدی را تحت شرایط متفاوت هیدرولیکی بررسی نمود، پرداخته است. دستگاه ساخته شده و عملکرد آن با انجام آزمایش بر روی نمونه ماسه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با انجام آزمایش‌های تک محوری و همچنین اندازه گیری سرعت موج برشی نمونه‌های تزریق شده، قابلیت دستگاه مورد نظر جهت اعمال، بررسی و کنترل پارامترهای لازم در تحقیقات مربوطه تأیید شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility Study of Coupled Hydraulic and Electrophoretic Injecting colloidal silica in silty sand

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. A. Nozari 1
  • Reza Ziaie Moayed 2
1 Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Electro kinetic approach is a conventional method to improve soil characteristics. Dewatering, heavy metal remediation as well as injection stabilizers such as sodium silicate, colloidal silica and ionic solutions, especially in clayey and silty soil, which are sensitive to high pressure methods, are applicable via electro kinetic way. As a green product stabilizer, colloidal silica a dispersion of nano silica particles in water medium phase has been widely investigated by researchers. To quantify the effect of various factors such as solution electrochemical properties and electro kinetic injection conditions on stabilized soil and pore fluid, a suitable apparatus is necessary for laboratory tests. The apparatus should facilitate control and management of hydraulic and electro kinetic conditions. So, the main objective of the paper is to study the electro kinetic injection synced with hydraulic one into loose sand via appropriate instrument. An appropriate device has been designed and constructed and validated by feasibility tests. The trend of current intensity was compatible with previous works as well as uniaxial shear strength and shear wave velocity increase of soil. In conclusion, built apparatus could be useful for future studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Colloidal silica
  • Ground improvement
  • Passive stabilization
  • Electrokinetic injection
  • Sand
[1] R. Lageman, Electroreclamation. Applications in the netherlands, Environmental science & technology, 27(13) (1993) 2648-2650.
[2] M.I. Esrig, Applications of electrokinetics in grouting, Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Div, 92(SM5, Proc Paper 490) (1900).
[3] D.H. Gray, J.K. Mitchell, Fundamental aspects of electro-osmosis in soils, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and foundations Division, 93(6) (1967) 209-236.
[4] B.A. Chappell, P.L. Burton, Electro-osmosis applied to unstable embankment, Journal of the geotechnical engineering division, 101(8) (1975) 733-740.
[5] J. Mitchell, T. Wan, Electro-osmotic consolidation-its effects on soft soils, in: Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1977, pp. 219-224.
[6] D.G. Buckland, J. Shang, E. Mohamedelhassan, Electrokinetic sedimentation of contaminated Welland River sediment, Canadian geotechnical journal, 37(4) (2000) 735-747.
[7] Y.B. Acar, Electrokinetic soil processing (a review of the state of the art), in: Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, ASCE, 1992, pp. 1420-1432.
[8] C.J. Bruell, B.A. Segall, M.T. Walsh, Electroosomotic removal of gasoline hydrocarbons and TCE from clay, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 118(1) (1992) 68-83.
[9] G.R. Eykholt, D.E. Daniel, Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil, Journal of geotechnical engineering, 120(5) (1994) 797-815.
[10] A.P. Shapiro, R.F. Probstein, Removal of contaminants from saturated clay by electroosmosis, Environmental Science & Technology, 27(2) (1993) 283-291.
[11] A. Ugaz, S. Puppala, R. Gale, Y. Acar, ELECTROKINETIC SOIL PROCESSING COMPLICATING FEATURES OF ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION OF SOILS AND SLURRIES: SATURATION EFFECTS AND THE ROLE OF THE CATHODE ELECTROLYSIS, Chemical engineering communications, 129(1) (1994) 183-200.
[12] A.T. Yeung, C.-n. Hsu, R.M. Menon, EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic extraction of lead, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 122(8) (1996) 666-673.
[13] R. Youell, An electrolytic method for producing chlorite-like substances from montmorillonite, Clay Min. Bull, 4 (1960) 191-195.
[14] J. Feldkamp, G. Belhomme, Large-strain electrokinetic consolidation: theory and experiment in one dimension, Geotechnique, 40(4) (1990) 557-568.
[15] S. Ozkan, R. Gale, R. Seals, Electrokinetic stabilization of kaolinite by injection of Al and PO43− ions, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, 3(4) (1999) 135-144.
[16] E. Mohamedelhassan, J. Shang, Electrokinetics-generated pore fluid and ionic transport in an offshore calcareous soil, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40(6) (2003) 1185-1199.
[17] N. Shariatmadari, A. Falamaki, A. Noorzad, Soil Improvement by Electrokinetic Injection, (2010).
[18] S. Thevanayagam, W. Jia, Electro-osmotic grouting for liquefaction mitigation in silty soils, in: Grouting and Ground Treatment, 2003, pp. 1507-1517.
[19] Y.B. Acar, A.N. Alshawabkeh, Principles of electrokinetic remediation, Environmental science & technology, 27(13) (1993) 2638-2647.
[20] Y.B. Acar, R.J. Gale, A.N. Alshawabkeh, R.E. Marks, S. Puppala, M. Bricka, R. Parker, Electrokinetic remediation: basics and technology status, Journal of hazardous materials, 40(2) (1995) 117-137.
[21] A.N. Alshawabkeh, R.M. Bricka, Heavy metals extraction by electric fields, in: Environmental restoration of metals-contaminated soils, CRC press LLC, 2001, pp. 167-186.
[22] S. Thevanayagam, W. Jia, Electro-osmotic grouting for liquefaction mitigation in silty soils, Geotechnical Special Publication, 2 (2003) 1507-1517.
[23] N. Mosavat, E. Oh, G. Chai, A review of electrokinetic treatment technique for improving the engineering characteristics of low permeable problematic soils, International journal of GEOMATE, 2(2) (2012) 266-272.
[24] S. Raafatnia, O.A. Hickey, C. Holm, Electrophoresis of a spherical polyelectrolyte-grafted colloid in monovalent salt solutions: comparison of molecular dynamics simulations with theory and numerical calculations, Macromolecules, 48(3) (2015) 775-787.
[25] I. Semenov, P. Papadopoulos, G. Stober, F. Kremer, Ionic concentration-and pH-dependent electrophoretic mobility as studied by single colloid electrophoresis, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 22(49) (2010) 494109.
[26] T. Bolisetti, Experimental and numerical investigations of chemical grouting in heterogeneous porous media, (2005).
[27] T. Bolisetti, S. Reitsma, R. Balachandar, Experimental investigations of colloidal silica grouting in porous media, Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 135(5) (2009) 697-700.
[28] C.T. Conlee, P.M. Gallagher, R.W. Boulanger, R. Kamai, Centrifuge modeling for liquefaction mitigation using colloidal silica stabilizer, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138(11) (2012) 1334-1345.
[29] P.M. Gallagher, C.T. Conlee, K.M. Rollins, Full-scale field testing of colloidal silica grouting for mitigation of liquefaction risk, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(2) (2007) 186-196.
[30] P.M. Gallagher, S. Finsterle, Physical and numerical model of colloidal silica injection for passive site stabilization, Vadose Zone Journal, 3(3) (2004) 917-925.
[31] P.M. Gallagher, Y. Lin, Colloidal silica transport through liquefiable porous media, Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 135(11) (2009) 1702-1712.
[32] H.E. Bergna, W.O. Roberts, Colloidal silica: fundamentals and applications, CRC Press, 2005.
[33] J.H. Masliyah, S. Bhattacharjee, Electrokinetic and colloid transport phenomena, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[34] A.T. Yeung, T.B. Scott, S. Gopinath, R.M. Menon, C.-n. Hsu, Design, fabrication, and assembly of an apparatus for electrokinetic remediation studies, (1997).
[35] R. Ladd, Preparing test specimens using undercompaction, (1978).