ارزیابی احداث مخازن ذخیره جهت کاهش سیلاب شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، ساری، ایران

2 مربی، دانشکده علوم محیطی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی هراز، آمل، ایران

چکیده

راهکار طراحی توسعه پایدار سیستم زه‌کشی رواناب سطحی یا به اصطلاح توسعه کم اثر طیف وسیعی از روش‌ها را به منظور نگهداشت، نفوذ، یا تصفیه رواناب‌های رگباری در محیط های شهری شامل می‌شود. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، ارزیابی کاربرد مخازن ذخیره به عنوان یکی از روش‌های سازه‌ای توسعه کم اثر، به منظور حذف یا کاهش سیلاب‌های ناشی از بارندگی در شبکه‌ی جمع آوری و انتقال زه‌آب‌های سطحی بخشی از حوزه‌ی شهری بابلسر می‌باشد. با استفاده از شبیه سازی فرآیند بارش- رواناب در سطح حوضه و روندیابی رواناب در شبکه های زه‌کشی با استفاده از مدل SWMM نقاط بحرانی شناسایی شد. شبیه سازی‌های متعددی با در نظر گرفتن واحدهای ذخیره با ابعاد مختلف انجام پذیرفت و در نهایت مناسب‌ترین گزینه، انتخاب گردید. با در نظر گرفتن یک مخزن ذخیره به صورت سری برای دوره بازگشت 10 ساله، سیلابی با حجم کل 125 متر مکعب مشاهده شد. با شبیه سازی احداث مخزن ذخیره در مدل SWMM به صورت موازی و با همان ابعاد و محل احداث حالت سری هیچ‌گونه آ بگرفتگی را به همراه نداشته که نشان دهنده عملکرد بهتر واحدهای ذخیره‌ی موازی نسبت به واحدهای ذخیره سری می‌باشد. نتایج این پژوهش، بهره‌گیری از مدل های شبیه سازی هیدرودینامیکی سیلاب را به منظور ارزیابی سناریوهای مختلف مدیریت سیلاب شهری مورد تاکید قرار می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of detention tanks for reducing urban flooding

نویسندگان [English]

  • V. Karimi 1
  • M. Rashidpour 2
1 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Mazandaran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran.
2 Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Haraz Institute of Higher Education, Amol, Iran
چکیده [English]

The sustainable urban drainage systems approach or LID devices (low impact development) are designed to detain, store, infiltrate, or treat urban runoff, and so reduce the impact of urban development. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of detention tanks from low-impact structural methods in order to eliminate or reduce the rainfall flood in the collecting network and conveyance of surface drainage water in small part of the urban area in Babolsar city. By using the simulation of rainfall-runoff process at the catchment area and the runoff routing in the drainage networks with the SWMM, critical nods were identified. The results showed that some parts of system have high capacity and the others have low capacity which induces inundations. Several simulations were performed with considering detention tanks by different dimensions in the system and eventually the best option was selected. Considering a serial detention tank, no inundation occurred in 2 and 5 years return periods but for 10 year return period, inundation happened with 125 m3 flood volume. However, constructing parallel detention tank with same dimensions and place of serial type caused no inundations. Results showed that parallel detention tank has better function comparing with serial one. The results of this study emphasize the use of flood hydrodynamic simulation models to evaluate different scenarios of urban flood management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Detention Tank
  • Inundation
  • Simulation
  • SWMM
  • Urban Flood
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